Gender differences in four-year incidence of self-reported and performance-based functional disability: The International Mobility in Aging Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Auais ◽  
Tamer Ahmed ◽  
Beatriz Alvarado ◽  
Susan P. Phillips ◽  
Nicole Rosendaal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
And Performance

Gender Differences in Trajectories of Lower Extremity Function in Older Adults: Findings From the International Mobility in Aging Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Ahmed ◽  
Simon D. French ◽  
Emmanuelle Belanger ◽  
Ricardo Oliveira Guerra ◽  
Maria Victoria Zunzunegui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Extremity Function ◽  
Aging Study

Gender Differences in the Psychology of Competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin J. Hanek
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Composition ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Role Theory ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender

Drawing primarily on the literature in experimental economics and social psychology, this article reviews key findings on gender differences for two aspects of competitiveness and competition: entry preferences and performance. Although women, relative to men, have been shown to shy away from competition and underperform in competitive environments, this article also discusses boundary conditions for these effects, such as the nature of the task or gender composition of the group, and highlights manifestations of these effects in applied domains, including in negotiations, the labor market, educational settings, and sports. Adopting social psychological frameworks of prescriptive norms and stereotypes, particularly social role theory, this article examines ways in which gender-incongruencies may underpin gender gaps in competition and gender-congruencies may alleviate them. Finally, this article considers implications for individuals and institutions as well as future directions in the field to continue finding ways to close gaps.

scholarly journals Experiences of violence across life course and its effects on mobility among participants in the International Mobility in Aging Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. e012339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Taurino Guedes ◽  
Afshin Vafaei ◽  
Beatriz Eugenia Alvarado ◽  
Carmen Lucia Curcio ◽  
Jack M Guralnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Aging Study

She Died for Love and He for Glory: Gender Myths of Suicidal Behavior

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Sara Canetto
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
North America ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
And Performance

Epidemiological studies have long reported that, in North America, patterns of suicidal behavior differ by gender: women “attempt” suicide; men “complete” suicide. Theories of suicidal behavior also differ according to gender. Traditionally, women are said to be suicidal for love; men, for pride and performance. Are these gender differences “real?” Are women's attempts “failed” suicides? Do suicidal men “succeed” when they kill themselves? Is women's self-definition dependent on love? Is men's dependent on performance? Evidence currently available does not support traditional theories of gender and suicidal behavior. As culturally shared assumptions, however, traditional theories may influence the suicidal choices of women and men, as well as the assumptions and research methods of suicidologists.

Frailty and life course violence: The international mobility in aging study

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 26-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Catherine McLean Pirkle ◽  
Maria Vitoria Zunzunegui ◽  
Dimitri Taurino Guedes ◽  
Juliana Fernandes De Souza Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Aging Study

Abstract P335: Associations of Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality With Physical Performance in Older Adults --The Chicago Healthy Aging Study (CHAS)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ThanhHuyen T Vu ◽  
Kathryn J Reid ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Daniel B Garside ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
And Performance

Background: Sleep duration (too short or too long) is associated with lower physical performance. However, the association of sleep duration and physical performance, taking into account the quality of sleep (e.g., sleep disturbance) in older populations, has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Using data from the Chicago Healthy Aging study conducted in 2007-10, we investigated a cross-sectional association of a combination of sleep duration and sleep disturbance with muscle strength (hand grip), and performance [4m gait speed and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)]. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep duration [categorized as short (≤ 6 hours), normal (7-8 hours), and long (≥ 9 hours)] and sleep disturbance (defined as either cannot fall asleep within 30 minutes or waking up in the middle of the night or early morning three or more times per week). (See Table and Table Footnote for definitions of sleep duration and disturbance, and physical performance categories). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. Results: The study sample consists of 952 men and 350 women, ages 65-84 (mean age 71) in 2007-10; 9% were African American.12.6 % had SPPB score ≤ 8, 6.8 % had gait speed on 4 meter course < 0.8 m/s, and 23.4 % had low sex-BMI specific handgrip strength. As compared to the group with normal sleep duration (7-8 hours) without sleep disturbance, adjusted odds (95% confidence interval) of low gait speed <0.8 m/s in those with short sleep duration (≤ 6 hours) and sleep disturbance was much higher [2.00 (1.06-3.75)]. Similarly, the odds of low sex-BMI specific handgrip strength was about 2 times higher in those with long duration of sleep (≥ 9 hours), compared to those with normal sleep duration without sleep disturbance. No association was found for Short Physical Performance Battery (see Table). Conclusion: In older age, short sleep duration with poor quality as well as excessive sleep duration were associated with the greater likelihood of having low muscle strength and performance.

Mind the Absent Gap: Gender-Specific Competitive Behavior in Nonprofessional Sports

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
Anna Katharina Pikos ◽  
Alexander Straub
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Sex Composition ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Opposite Gender

There is wide evidence for gender differences in competitive behavior and performance under pressure from experimental economics and single-sex professional sports. We analyze these differences in a sport with direct gender competition. Our unique data consist of over 500,000 observations from around 11,000 German ninepin bowling games of which around 15% are from mixed-gender leagues. Men perform better against women on average, but this is fully explained by differences in ability. Our results are robust to instrumenting for opposite gender using the sex composition of the opponent team. Gender differences in tight situations do not seem to play a role.

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