scholarly journals Muscle morphology and performance in master athletes: A systematic review and meta-analyses

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 62-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Mckendry ◽  
Leigh Breen ◽  
Brandon J. Shad ◽  
Carolyn A. Greig
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrate Supplementation on Endurance Cyclic Sports Performance: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo Calvo ◽  
Francesca Alorda-Capo ◽  
Helios Pareja-Galeano ◽  
Sergio L. Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ergogenic Effect ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Repetitive Movement ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Chronic Dose ◽  
Review Form ◽  
Nitrate Supplementation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses

Endurance can be defined as the capacity to maintain one’s velocity or power output for the longest possible time. Maintaining such activity can lead to the onset of fatigue. Dietary nitrate supplementation produces an ergogenic effect due to the improvement of mitochondrial oxygen efficiency through a reduction in the oxygen cost of exercise that increases vasodilation and blood flow to the skeletal muscle in recreationally active subjects. However, the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on well-trained endurance athletes remain unclear; such supplementation could affect more performance areas. In the present study, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to clarify the use and effects of nitrate as a dietary supplement in endurance athletes trained in cyclic sports (repetitive movement sports). A systematic search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the databases of SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), Medline (PubMed), and Sport Discus from 1 January 2010 to 30 November 2019. Twenty-seven studies were included in the study. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form. Statistically significant ergogenic results were obtained in 8 (29.63%) of the 27 studies investigated, with significant results obtained for cardiorespiratory parameters and performance measures. Improvement in exercise tolerance was obtained, which could help with exhaustion over time, while the improvement in exercise economics was not as clear. Additionally, the dose necessary for this ergogenic effect seems to have a direct relationship with the physical condition of the athlete. The acute dose is around 6–12.4 mmol/day of nitrate administered 2–3 h before the activity, with the same amount given as a chronic dose over 6–15 days. Further studies are required to understand the factors that affect the potential ergogenic impacts of nitrate on athletic performance among endurance athletes.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of COVID-19 Treatment and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (122) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Chijioke Gospel Tonycheta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Control And Management ◽  
And Control

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease, first reported in Wuhan, China. The deadly disease currently known as SARS-CoV-2 can affect everyone regardless of race, gender or age. However, people suffering from underlying medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases are at the biggest risk for developing more intense symptoms and complications. The global challenge in the containment of COVID-19 has led to a massive death rate and resulted in many economic, social, and health burdens around the world, leading to the question of the dynamic of COVID-19 management treatment. Therefore, this paper aimed to systematically review different past and present studies to develop a possible solution on how COVID-19 can be managed and treated. The articles were searched from five online databases: Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus. The systematic review was guided by the guidelines presented in the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) from 2019–2021. Thirteen articles were included after reviewing seventy-two articles. Three hypotheses guided the study; clinical management, telehealth technology, and performance intelligence as an effective way of managing and controlling COVID-19. The study concludes there is no proven treatment for the virus yet, but clinical treatment, telehealth technology, and performance intelligence can effectively manage and control the virus.  It also recommends policymakers should support the development and the implementation of performance intelligence based on the evidence and standardized data available for effective and pandemic resilience health care systems that will address the control and management of the virus. Keywords: SARS2, SARS-CoV-2, Novel Coronavirus, 2019nCoV, COVID-19.

Safety of training and assessment in operating theatres – a systematic review and meta-analysis

Perfusion ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ahmed ◽  
H Ashrafian ◽  
L Harling ◽  
VM Patel ◽  
C Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Cardiac Surgical Procedures ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Valve Surgery ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Procedural Outcomes

Objective: Procedural outcomes can be used to assess the performance of specialists and trainees. This article establishes a systematic evidence base for the safety of training in the operating theatre. It also explores the possibility of using early, intermediate and late procedural outcomes of cardiac surgical operations to evaluate the performance of the clinicians and the healthcare system. Methods: Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched. Comparative studies evaluating quality indicators of cardiac surgical procedures (coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve surgery) were included. Guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) were used. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. For CABG, meta-analysis of outcomes did not show any significant differences between the technical and non-technical skills of trainees versus specialists apart from bypass time (less for specialists) and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (less for trainees). Studies reporting outcomes on valve surgery also did not report any statistically significant differences amongst the outcomes. Conclusion: This systematic review did not discern any significant differences between the procedural outcomes of trainees and specialists, which indicates that trainees are safe to operate under senior supervision. In addition, this article recommends that various procedural outcomes can be used to evaluate the performance of clinicians and healthcare systems. Prospective studies need to be performed, taking into account the specific contribution of trainees and specialists during the procedure. This will give a clearer indication of safety and performance of trainees and specialists in the operating theatre.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Wearable Electronics for Epilepsy: A Systematic Review

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tendai Rukasha ◽  
Sandra I Woolley ◽  
Theocharis Kyriacou ◽  
Tim Collins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Complete Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Wearable Electronic Devices

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that affects 50 million people worldwide. It is characterised by seizures that can vary in presentation, from short absences to protracted convulsions. Wearable electronic devices that detect seizures have the potential to hail timely assistance for individuals, inform their treatment, and assist care and self-management. This systematic review encompasses the literature relevant to the evaluation of wearable electronics for epilepsy. Devices and performance metrics are identified, and the evaluations, both quantitative and qualitative, are presented. Twelve primary studies comprising quantitative evaluations from 510 patients and participants were collated according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two studies (with 104 patients/participants) comprised both qualitative and quantitative evaluation components. Despite many works in the literature proposing and evaluating novel and incremental approaches to seizure detection, there is a lack of studies evaluating the devices available to consumers and researchers, and there is much scope for more complete evaluation data in quantitative studies. There is also scope for further qualitative evaluations amongst individuals, carers, and healthcare professionals regarding their use, experiences, and opinions of these devices.

Correlations between Physical Fitness Tests and Performance of Military Tasks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Hauschild ◽  
David DeGroot ◽  
Shane Hall ◽  
Karen Deaver ◽  
Keith Hauret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Meta Analyses

Psychological and Cognitive Aspects of Borderline Intellectual Functioning

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastianina Contena ◽  
Stefano Taddei
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Borderline Intellectual Functioning ◽  
General Quality ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) refers to a global IQ ranging from 71 to 84, and it represents a condition of clinical attention for its association with other disorders and its influence on the outcomes of treatments and, in general, quality of life and adaptation. Furthermore, its definition has changed over time causing a relevant clinical impact. For this reason, a systematic review of the literature on this topic can promote an understanding of what has been studied, and can differentiate what is currently attributable to BIF from that which cannot be associated with this kind of intellectual functioning. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we have conducted a review of the literature about BIF. The results suggest that this condition is still associated with mental retardation, and only a few studies have focused specifically on this condition.

Vaccination in childhood and the risk of childhood cancer – a systematic review and meta-analyses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sadre Dadras ◽  
LK Brackmann ◽  
I Langner ◽  
U Haug ◽  
W Ahrens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Meta Analyses
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