scholarly journals Cross-sectional Associations of Tau Protein Biomarkers with Semantic and Episodic Memory in Older Adults Without Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 101449
Author(s):  
Teuntje A.D. Pelgrim ◽  
Magdalena Beran ◽  
Emma L. Twait ◽  
Mirjam I. Geerlings ◽  
Jet M.J. Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Protein Biomarkers ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals The Mediterranean Dietary Pattern and Inflammation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yu Wu ◽  
Kuei-Min Chen ◽  
Wan-Chi Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACT This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the association between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation in older adults. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A search of the literature was conducted up to June 2020 in 7 electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ProQuest. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the methodological quality. The overall standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs were estimated in random-effects meta-analyses. Thirteen studies were identified as having acceptable quality and were included in this systematic review: 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 quasi-experimental study, 1 cohort study, and 8 cross-sectional studies. The circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was the most common inflammation indicator used. Results of the meta-analysis on 5 cross-sectional studies revealed a significant inverse association between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation as assessed by CRP (SMD = −0.26; 95% CI: −0.41, −0.11; P < 0.001). Other studies that investigated a variety of inflammation indicators other than CRP showed mixed results with regard to the relation between the Mediterranean dietary pattern and inflammation in older adults. Our findings suggest that the Mediterranean dietary pattern may be associated with lower inflammation in older adults. However, more long-term RCTs are required to demonstrate the effects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern on multiple inflammation parameters in older adults. The study has been registered on PROSPERO (#CRD42020140145).

Hearing Loss and Depression in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. e137-e154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake J Lawrence ◽  
Dona M P Jayakody ◽  
Rebecca J Bennett ◽  
Robert H Eikelboom ◽  
Natalie Gasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderator Variables ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Design And Methods

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesStudies reporting an association between hearing loss and depression in older adults are conflicting and warrant a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence.Research Design and MethodsA search of academic databases (e.g., MEDLINE) and gray literature (e.g., OpenGrey) identified relevant articles published up to July 17, 2018. Cross-sectional or cohort designs were included. Outcome effects were computed as odds ratios (ORs) and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42018084494).ResultsA total of 147,148 participants from 35 studies met inclusion criteria. Twenty-four studies were cross-sectional and 11 were cohort designs. Overall, hearing loss was associated with statistically significantly greater odds of depression in older adults (OR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31−1.65). When studies were stratified by design, hearing loss was associated with greater odds of depression in cross-sectional studies (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.31−1.80) and cohort studies (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.16 − 1.67), and there was no difference between cross-sectional or cohort effect estimates (Q = 0.64, p = .42). There was no effect of moderator variables (i.e., hearing aid use) on the association between hearing loss and depression, but these findings must be interpreted with caution. There was no presence of publication bias but certainty in the estimation of the overall effect was classified as “low.”Discussion and ImplicationsOlder adults may experience increased odds of depression associated with hearing loss, and this association may not be influenced by study or participant characteristics.

Factors Associated With Medication Engagement Among Older Adults With Diabetes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Jeong Choi ◽  
Arlene M. Smaldone
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Part D ◽  
Diabetes Medication ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Cost

Purpose The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to explore the factors associated with medication engagement among older adults (≥60 years) with diabetes. Methods Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were systematically searched to identify studies examining the association between factors and medication engagement among older diabetes patients. A study met inclusion for meta-analysis if the prevalence of medication engagement or factor was reported in ≥2 studies and the frequency or strength of association was either reported or able to be computed. Quality appraisal was performed with the Downs and Black tool. Results Of 538 retrieved studies, 33 (20 cohort and 13 cross-sectional) were included for systematic review; of these, 22 met criteria for meta-analysis. Findings from meta-analysis show that women (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97), those with depression (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62-0.87), and those with higher out-of-pocket spending for prescription drugs (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94) were less likely to take diabetes medication when compared with men, those without depression, and those with lower out-of-pocket costs, respectively. Older age (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.27) was associated with better engagement to diabetes medication. Conclusions Of 4 identified factors, 2 are modifiable. Recent policy efforts to decrease the cost burden of prescribed medication for older adults, such as Medicare Part D, may remove this barrier to medication engagement. Routine screening for depression among older adults with diabetes should be included as part of usual care to facilitate an integrated treatment approach.

scholarly journals Low Vitamin D Levels and Frailty Status in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Marcos-Pérez ◽  
María Sánchez-Flores ◽  
Stefania Proietti ◽  
Stefano Bonassi ◽  
Solange Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Meta Analyses

Serum vitamin D deficiency is widespread among older adults and is a potential modifiable risk factor for frailty. Moreover, frailty has been suggested as an intermediate step in the association between low levels of vitamin D and mortality. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis to test the possible association of low concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a marker of vitamin D status, with frailty in later life. We reviewed cross-sectional or longitudinal studies evaluating populations of older adults and identifying frailty by a currently validated scale. Meta-analyses were restricted to cross-sectional data from studies using Fried’s phenotype to identify frailty. Twenty-six studies were considered in the qualitative synthesis, and thirteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. Quantitative analyses showed significant differences in the comparisons of frail (standardized mean difference (SMD)—1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−2.47, −0.15), p = 0.0271) and pre-frail (SMD—0.79, 95% CI (−1.58, −0.003), p = 0.0491) subjects vs. non-frail subjects. Sensitivity analyses reduced heterogeneity, resulting in a smaller but still highly significant between-groups difference. Results obtained indicate that lower 25(OH)D levels are significantly associated with increasing frailty severity. Future challenges include interventional studies testing the possible benefits of vitamin D supplementation in older adults to prevent/palliate frailty and its associated outcomes.

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