Modelling study of the impact of isoprene and terpene biogenic emissions on European ozone levels

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1444-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Curci ◽  
M. Beekmann ◽  
R. Vautard ◽  
G. Smiatek ◽  
R. Steinbrecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals Impact of forest fires, biogenic emissions and high temperatures on the elevated Eastern Mediterranean ozone levels during the hot summer of 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 8727-8750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ø. Hodnebrog ◽  
S. Solberg ◽  
F. Stordal ◽  
T. M. Svendby ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

Abstract. The hot summer of 2007 in southeast Europe has been studied using two regional atmospheric chemistry models; WRF-Chem and EMEP MSC-W. The region was struck by three heat waves and a number of forest fire episodes, greatly affecting air pollution levels. We have focused on ozone and its precursors using state-of-the-art inventories for anthropogenic, biogenic and forest fire emissions. The models have been evaluated against measurement data, and processes leading to ozone formation have been quantified. Heat wave episodes are projected to occur more frequently in a future climate, and therefore this study also makes a contribution to climate change impact research. The plume from the Greek forest fires in August 2007 is clearly seen in satellite observations of CO and NO2 columns, showing extreme levels of CO in and downwind of the fires. Model simulations reflect the location and influence of the fires relatively well, but the modelled magnitude of CO in the plume core is too low. Most likely, this is caused by underestimation of CO in the emission inventories, suggesting that the CO/NOx ratios of fire emissions should be re-assessed. Moreover, higher maximum values are seen in WRF-Chem than in EMEP MSC-W, presumably due to differences in plume rise altitudes as the first model emits a larger fraction of the fire emissions in the lowermost model layer. The model results are also in fairly good agreement with surface ozone measurements. Biogenic VOC emissions reacting with anthropogenic NOx emissions are calculated to contribute significantly to the levels of ozone in the region, but the magnitude and geographical distribution depend strongly on the model and biogenic emission module used. During the July and August heat waves, ozone levels increased substantially due to a combination of forest fire emissions and the effect of high temperatures. We found that the largest temperature impact on ozone was through the temperature dependence of the biogenic emissions, closely followed by the effect of reduced dry deposition caused by closing of the plants' stomata at very high temperatures. The impact of high temperatures on the ozone chemistry was much lower. The results suggest that forest fire emissions, and the temperature effect on biogenic emissions and dry deposition, will potentially lead to substantial ozone increases in a warmer climate.

scholarly journals A model study of the Eastern Mediterranean ozone levels during the hot summer of 2007

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 7617-7675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ø. Hodnebrog ◽  
S. Solberg ◽  
F. Stordal ◽  
T. M. Svendby ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Fire Emissions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

Abstract. The hot summer of 2007 in Southeast Europe has been studied using two regional atmospheric chemistry models; WRF-Chem and EMEP MSC-W. The region was struck by three heat waves and a number of forest fire episodes, greatly affecting air pollution levels. We have focused on ozone and its precursors using state-of-the-art inventories for anthropogenic, biogenic and forest fire emissions. The models have been evaluated against measurement data, and processes leading to ozone formation have been quantified. Heat wave episodes are projected to occur more frequently in a future climate, and therefore this study also makes a contribution to climate change research. The plume from the Greek forest fires in August 2007 is clearly seen in satellite observations of CO and NO2 columns, showing extreme levels of CO in and downwind of the fires. Model simulations reflect the location and influence of the fires relatively well, but the modelled magnitude of CO in the plume core is too low. Most likely, this is caused by underestimation of CO in the emission inventories, suggesting that the CO/NOx ratios of fire emissions should be re-assessed. Moreover, higher maximum values are seen in WRF-Chem than in EMEP MSC-W, presumably due to differences in plume rise altitudes as the first model emits a larger fraction of the fire emissions in the lowermost model layer. The model results are also in fairly good agreement with surface ozone measurements. Biogenic VOC emissions reacting with anthropogenic NOx emissions are calculated to contribute significantly to the levels of ozone in the region, but the magnitude and geographical distribution depend strongly on the model and biogenic emission module used. During the July and August heat waves, ozone levels increased substantially due to a combination of forest fire emissions and the effect of high temperatures. We found that the largest temperature impact on ozone was through the temperature dependence of the biogenic emissions, closely followed by the effect of decreased dry deposition. The impact of high temperatures on the ozone chemistry was much lower. The results suggest that forest fire emissions, and the temperature effect on biogenic emissions and dry deposition, will potentially lead to substantial ozone increases in a warmer climate.

scholarly journals Worsening urban ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2017 – Part 1: The complex and varying roles of meteorology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Field ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

Abstract. China has suffered from increasing levels of ozone pollution in urban areas despite the implementation of various stringent emission reduction measures since 2013. In this study, we conducted numerical experiments with an up-to-date regional chemical transport model to assess the contribution of the changes in meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions to the summer ozone level from 2013 to 2017 in various regions of China. The model can faithfully reproduce the observed meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations and capture the increasing trend in the surface maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) ozone (O3) from 2013 to 2017. The emission control measures implemented by the government induced a decrease in MDA8 O3 levels in rural areas but an increase in urban areas. The meteorological influence on the ozone trend varied by region and by year and could be comparable to or even more significant than the impact of changes in anthropogenic emissions. Meteorological conditions can modulate the ozone concentration via direct (e.g., increasing reaction rates at higher temperatures) and indirect (e.g., increasing biogenic emissions at higher temperatures) effects. As an essential source of volatile organic compounds that contributes to ozone formation, the variation in biogenic emissions during summer varied across regions and was mainly affected by temperature. China’s midlatitude areas (25° N to 40° N) experienced a significant decrease in MDA8 O3 due to a decline in biogenic emissions, especially for the Yangtze River Delta and Sichuan Basin regions in 2014 and 2015. In contrast, in northern (north of 40° N) and southern (south of 25° N) China, higher temperatures after 2013 led to an increase in MDA8 O3 concentrations via an increase in biogenic emissions. We also assessed the individual effects of changes in temperature, specific humidity, wind field, planetary boundary layer height, clouds, and precipitation on ozone levels from 2013 to 2017. The results show that the wind field change made a significant contribution to the increase in surface ozone over China by transporting the ozone downward from the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The long-range transport of ozone and its precursors outside the modeling domain also contributed to the increase in MDA8 O3 in China, especially on the Tibetan Plateau (an increase of 1 to 4 ppbv). Our study represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the impact of changes in meteorology on ozone across China and highlights the importance of considering meteorological variations when assessing the effectiveness of emission control on changes in the ozone levels in recent years.

scholarly journals Worsening urban ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2017 – Part 1: The complex and varying roles of meteorology

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6305-6321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Liu ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Field ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Biogenic Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

Abstract. China has suffered from increasing levels of ozone pollution in urban areas despite the implementation of various stringent emission reduction measures since 2013. In this study, we conducted numerical experiments with an up-to-date regional chemical transport model to assess the contribution of the changes in meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions to the summer ozone level from 2013 to 2017 in various regions of China. The model can faithfully reproduce the observed meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations and capture the increasing trend in the surface maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) ozone (O3) from 2013 to 2017. The emission-control measures implemented by the government induced a decrease in MDA8 O3 levels in rural areas but an increase in urban areas. The meteorological influence on the ozone trend varied by region and by year and could be comparable to or even more significant than the impact of changes in anthropogenic emissions. Meteorological conditions can modulate the ozone concentration via direct (e.g., increasing reaction rates at higher temperatures) and indirect (e.g., increasing biogenic emissions at higher temperatures) effects. As an essential source of volatile organic compounds that contributes to ozone formation, the variation in biogenic emissions during summer varied across regions and was mainly affected by temperature. China's midlatitude areas (25 to 40∘ N) experienced a significant decrease in MDA8 O3 due to a decline in biogenic emissions, especially for the Yangtze River Delta and Sichuan Basin regions in 2014 and 2015. In contrast, in northern (north of 40∘ N) and southern (south of 25∘ N) China, higher temperatures after 2013 led to an increase in MDA8 O3 via an increase in biogenic emissions. We also assessed the individual effects of changes in temperature, specific humidity, wind field, planetary boundary layer height, clouds, and precipitation on ozone levels from 2013 to 2017. The results show that the wind field change made a significant contribution to the increase in surface ozone over many parts of China. The long-range transport of ozone and its precursors from outside the modeling domain also contributed to the increase in MDA8 O3 in China, especially on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (an increase of 1 to 4 ppbv). Our study represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the impact of changes in meteorology on ozone across China and highlights the importance of considering meteorological variations when assessing the effectiveness of emission control on changes in the ozone levels in recent years.

The Impact of Income-Based Policies on Population Health and Health Inequalities in Scotland: A Modelling Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Richardson ◽  
Lynda Fenton ◽  
Jane Parkinson ◽  
Andrew Pulford ◽  
Martin Taulbut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Health Inequalities ◽  
Modelling Study

scholarly journals The impact of climate change and emissions control on future ozone levels: Implications for human health

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer D. Stowell ◽  
Young-min Kim ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Joshua S. Fu ◽  
Howard H. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Emissions Control ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

scholarly journals Seasonal impact of biogenic VSL bromine on the evolution of mid-latitude lowermost stratospheric ozone during the 21<sup>st</sup> century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javer A. Barrera ◽  
Rafael P. Fernandez ◽  
Fernando Iglesias-Suarez ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas ◽  
Jean-Francois Lamarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Total Ozone Column ◽  
Seasonal Impact ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Column ◽  
Modelling Study

Abstract. Biogenic very short-lived bromine (VSLBr) represents, nowadays, ~ 25 % of the total stratospheric bromine loading. Owing to their much shorter lifetime compared to anthropogenic long-lived bromine (LLBr, e.g., halons) and chlorine (LLCl, e.g., chlorofluorocarbons) substances, the impact of VSLBr on ozone peaks at the extratropical lowermost stratosphere, a key climatic and radiative atmospheric region. Here we present a modelling study of the evolution of stratospheric ozone and its chemical losses in extra-polar regions during the 21st century, under two different scenarios: considering and neglecting the additional stratospheric injection of 5 ppt biogenic VSLBr naturally released from the ocean. Our analysis shows that the inclusion of VSLBr result in a realistic stratospheric bromine loading and improves the quantitative 1980–2015 model-satellite agreement of total ozone column (TOC) in the mid-latitudes. We show that the overall ozone response to VSLBr within the mid-latitudes follows the stratospheric abundances evolution of long-lived inorganic chlorine and bromine throughout the 21st century. Additional ozone losses due to VSLBr are maximised during the present-day period (1990–2010), with TOC differences of −8 DU (−3 %) and −5.5 DU (−2 %) for the southern (SH-ML) and northern (NH-ML) mid-latitudes, respectively. Moreover, the projected TOC differences at the end of the 21st century are at least half of the values found for the present-day period. In the tropics, a small (

Meteorological and fire impacts on tropospheric ozone concentration over tropical forest in the Congo Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Vieira ◽  
Hans Verbeeck ◽  
Félicien Meunier ◽  
Marc Peaucelle ◽  
Lodewijk Lefevre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

&lt;p&gt;Tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse gas, and high tropospheric ozone levels can directly impact plant growth and human health. In the Congo basin, simulations predict high ozone concentrations, induced by high ozone precursor (VOC and NOx) concentrations and high solar irradiation, which trigger the chemical reactions that form ozone. Additionally, biomass burning activities are widespread on the African continent, playing a crucial role in ozone precursor production. How these potentially high ozone levels impact tropical forest primary productivity remains poorly understood, and field-based ozone monitoring is completely lacking from the Congo basin. This study intends to show preliminary results from the first full year of in situ measurements of ozone concentration in the Congo Basin (i.e., Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo). We show the relationships between meteorological variables (temperature, precipitation, radiation, wind direction and speed), fire occurrence (derived from remote sensing products) and ozone concentrations at a new continuous monitoring station in the heart of the Congo Basin. First results show higher daily mean ozone levels (e.g. 43 ppb registered in January 2020) during dry season months (December-February). We identify a strong diurnal cycle, where minimum values of ozone (almost near zero) are registered during night hours, and maximum values (near 100 ppb) are registered during the daytime. We also verify that around 2.5% of the ozone measurements exceeds a toxicity level (potential for ozone to damage vegetation) of 40 ppb. In the longer term, these measurements should improve the accuracy of future model simulations in the Congo Basin and will be used to assess the impact of ozone on the tropical forest&amp;#8217;s primary productivity.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Pilot study on the impact of green roofs on ozone levels near building ventilation air supply

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Ramasubramanian ◽  
Olyssa Starry ◽  
Todd Rosenstiel ◽  
Elliott T. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Building Ventilation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels
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