Short-term secondary organic carbon estimations with a modified OC/EC primary ratio method at a suburban site in Madrid (Spain)

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (15) ◽  
pp. 2496-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Plaza ◽  
Begoña Artíñano ◽  
Pedro Salvador ◽  
Francisco J. Gómez-Moreno ◽  
Manuel Pujadas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Secondary Organic Carbon ◽  
Suburban Site

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of PM<sub>10</sub> main constituents in two valleys of the French Alps. I: EC/OC fractions

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Aymoz ◽  
J. L. Jaffrezo ◽  
D. Chapuis ◽  
J. Cozic ◽  
W. Maenhaut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Secondary Organic Carbon ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Pm10 Mass ◽  
Daily Pm10 ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Range

Abstract. Daily PM10 samples were collected at two urban sites within two valleys in the French Alps (Chamonix and St Jean de Maurienne) during a period of two and a half years. The carbonaceous species EC (elemental carbon) and OC (organic carbon) were analysed to investigate the possible sources of EC and OC, and their seasonal variations. Mean OC concentrations are in the very high range of concentrations measured for other European sites, and represent at least one third of the PM10 mass on each site. On the basis of the comparison between EC and OC concentrations with several tracers, we were able to show that their main sources are local primary combustion sources. Biomass burning emissions (residential heating) have a significant impact on OC concentrations while heavy duty traffic emissions have an impact only on EC concentrations. Finally, we estimated the contribution of SOA (secondary organic carbon) to OC, using the EC-to-OC primary ratio method (Castro et al., 1999) and demonstrated that the calculation of SOA mass with this method is highly uncertain, if the hypothesis of a constant primary EC-to-OC ratio is not very closely examined.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of PM<sub>10</sub> main constituents in two valleys of the French Alps. I: EC/OC fractions

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6211-6254 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Aymoz ◽  
J.-L. Jaffrezo ◽  
D. Chapuis ◽  
J. Cozic ◽  
W. Maenhaut
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Secondary Organic Carbon ◽  
Urban Sites ◽  
Pm10 Mass ◽  
Daily Pm10 ◽  
Very High ◽  
High Range

Abstract. Daily PM10 samples were collected at two urban sites within two valleys in the French Alps (Chamonix and St Jean de Maurienne) during a period of two and a half years. The carbonaceous species EC (elemental carbon) and OC (organic carbon) were analysed to investigate the possible sources of EC and OC, and their seasonal variations. Mean OC concentrations are in the very high range of concentrations measured for other European sites, and represent at least one third of the PM10 mass on each site. On the basis of the comparison between EC and OC concentrations with several tracers, we were able to show that their main sources are local primary combustion sources. Biomass burning emissions (residential heating) have a significant impact on OC concentrations while heavy duty traffic emissions have an impact only on EC concentrations. Finally, we estimated the contribution of SOA (secondary organic carbon) to OC, using the EC-to-OC primary ratio method (Castro et al., 1999) and demonstrated that the calculation of SOA mass with this method is highly uncertain, if the hypothesis of a constant primary EC-to-OC ratio is not very closely examined.

Secondary Organic Carbon Estimations with Hourly Monitoring Data and the OC/EC Primary Ratio Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 295-298 ◽  
pp. 849-853
Author(s):  
Mei Fang Lu ◽  
Mei Chuan Huang ◽  
Chiau Yi Wen ◽  
Yi Hui Wu ◽  
Jim Jui Min Lin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Secondary Organic Carbon

This study examined the hourly monitoring data from 2006 to 2009 collected by the Aerosol Supersite of the Environmental Protection Administration of Taiwan. The OC/EC primary ratio method has been applied to estimate the content of secondary organic carbon (SOC). Results of this study indicated that the monthly concentrations of PM2.5, OC, and EC all remained low in summer but went up in winter. Possible factors were climate-related and influences from continental high pressure systems. The content (24–36%) of SOC in summer was significantly higher than in other seasons, indicating that a great formation of organic carbon in summer. When considering the hourly trend, apparent peaks can be consistently observed in the morning, which may be due to an increase of mobile pollution source and photochemical reactions. (OC/EC)min ratio values were calculated based on both hourly and daily concentrations of OC and EC, then annual values (2006~2009) were 0.20~1.11 and 0.68~2.72 for hourly and daily data base respectively. Content of SOC in PM2.5 and OC were estimated to be 16~23 % and 75~93 % based on (OC/EC)min ratio from hourly data set, and were 11~18 % and 42~77 % based on (OC/EC)min ratio from daily data set. Results from this study, as well as those from other studies, demonstrated that the OC/EC ratio is dependent upon the sampling method as well as the method of analysis. Furthermore, the daily OC/EC ratio may change, and significant variations may be found even within 24 hours. Taken together, when conducting estimation of SOC, it is important to eliminate the consideration on background concentrations but to take a good advantage of the high temporal resolution of hourly monitoring data in order to estimate SOC using a corrective approach.

Evaluating ozone dose for AOC removal in two-step GAC filters

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vahala ◽  
T. Ala-Peijari ◽  
J. Rintala ◽  
R. Laukkanen
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Humic Lake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Ozone Dose ◽  
Ozonated Water

Upgrading an existing post-ozonation plant with two-step granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration for assimilable organic carbon (AOC) removal was studied. The effects of ozone dose on AOC formation and its removal in the subsequent two-step GAC filtration was studied using chemically pretreated 2 to 14° C humic lake water. Two parallel pilot-plant trains with different ozone doses (0 to 1.2 mgO3/mgTOC) and a short-term ozonation study were performed. The optimum ozone dose for maximum AOC formation was 0.4–0.5 mgO3/mgTOC. The AOC-P17 of ozonated water was three-fold higher and AOC-NOX over ten-fold higher than in non-ozonated water, while the following biofiltration (first step) removed 51% and 72% of AOC-P17 and AOC-NOX, respectively. The adsorber (second step) contributed to less than 10% of the overall AOC reduction. It appeared that biofiltration is a feasible method in upgrading water treatment plants for AOC removal even when treating cold humic waters, while the subsequent adsorber seems to have less significance for AOC removal.

scholarly journals Effects of different returning method combined with decomposer on decomposition of organic components of straw and soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Xuexin Wang ◽  
Peng Geng ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
Forms Of Carbon

AbstractIn view of the problems of low straw decomposition rates and reduced soil fertility in southern Liaoning, China, we investigated the effects of no-tillage mode (NT), deep loosening + deep rotary tillage mode (PT), rotary tillage mode (RT) and the addition of decomposing agent (the next is called a decomposer) (NT + S, PT + S, RT + S) on the decomposition proportion of straw, respectively, by using the nylon net bag method in combination with 365-day field plot experiments. The decomposition rules of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin as well as the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in straw returned to the field for 15, 35, 55, 75, 95, 145 and 365 days were analyzed. The results showed that in the short term, the decomposition of straw was better in both the rotray tillage and deep loosening + deep rotary modes than in the no-tillage mode, and the addition of decomposer significantly promoted the decomposition of straw and the release of carbon from straw, among them, the RT + S treatment had the highest straw decomposition proportion and carbon release proportion in all sampling periods. After a one year experimental cycle, the RT + S treatment showed the highest proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin decomposition with 35.49%, 84.23% and 85.50%, respectively, and soil SOC, MBC and DOC contents were also higher than the other treatments with an increase of 2.30 g kg−1, 14.22 mg kg−1 and 25.10 mg kg−1, respectively, compared to the pre-experimental soil. Our results show that in the short term, to accelerate the decomposition rate of returned straw and increase the content of various forms of carbon in soil, rotary tillage can be used to return the straw to the field, while also spraying straw decomposer on its surface. This experiment used a new straw decomposer rich in a variety of microorganisms, combined with the comparison of a variety of straw return modes, and in-depth study of straw decomposition effects of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Thus, a scheme that can effectively improve the decomposition rate of straw and the content of various forms of organic carbon in soil within a short period of time was explored to provide theoretical support for the southern Liaoning.

scholarly journals Site-Specific Effects of Organic Amendments on Parameters of Tropical Agricultural Soil and Yield: A Field Experiment in Three Countries in Southeast Asia

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Thuy Thu Doan ◽  
Phimmasone Sisouvanh ◽  
Thanyakan Sengkhrua ◽  
Supranee Sritumboon ◽  
Cornelia Rumpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Site Specific

Organic amendments may improve the quality of acidic tropical agricultural soils with low organic carbon contents under conventional management (mineral fertilization and irrigation) in Southeast Asia. We investigated the effect of biochar, compost and their combination on maize growth and yield, soil physical, biological and chemical properties at harvesting time at four sites in three countries: Thailand, Vietnam and Laos. Treatments consisted of 10 t·ha−1 cow manure compost and 7 t·ha−1 of Bamboo biochar and their combination. Maize biomass production and cop yields were recorded for two seasons. Elemental content, pH and nutrient availability of soils were analyzed after the first growing season. We also characterized macrofauna abundance and water infiltration. Few changes were noted for maize biomass production and maize cop yield. Soil chemical parameters showed contrasting, site-specific results. Compost and biochar amendments increased soil organic carbon, pH, total K and N, P and K availability especially for sandy soils in Thailand. The combination of both amendments could reduce nutrient availability as compared to compost only treatments. Physical and biological parameters showed no treatment response. We conclude that the addition of compost, biochar and their mixture to tropical soils have site-specific short-term effects on chemical soil parameters. Their short-term effect on plants is thus mainly related to nutrient input. The site-dependent results despite similar crops, fertilization and irrigation practices suggest that inherent soil parameters and optimization of organic amendment application to specific pedoclimatic conditions need future attention.

scholarly journals Stover management modifies soil organic carbon dynamics in the short-term under semiarid continuous maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 105143
Author(s):  
Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes ◽  
Samuel Franco-Luesma ◽  
Victoria Lafuente ◽  
Pablo Sen ◽  
Asun Usón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Continuous Maize ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics

scholarly journals Effects of Management and Hillside Position on Soil Organic Carbon Stratification in Mediterranean Centenary Olive Grove

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Jesús Aguilera-Huertas ◽  
Beatriz Lozano-García ◽  
Manuel González-Rosado ◽  
Luis Parras-Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Olive Grove ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Degradation Degree

The short- and medium—long-term effects of management and hillside position on soil organic carbon (SOC) changes were studied in a centenary Mediterranean rainfed olive grove. One way to measure these changes is to analyze the soil quality, as it assesses soil degradation degree and attempts to identify management practices for sustainable soil use. In this context, the SOC stratification index (SR-COS) is one of the best indicators of soil quality to assess the degradation degree from SOC content without analyzing other soil properties. The SR-SOC was calculated in soil profiles (horizon-by-horizon) to identify the best soil management practices for sustainable use. The following time periods and soil management combinations were tested: (i) in the medium‒long-term (17 years) from conventional tillage (CT) to no-tillage (NT), (ii) in the short-term (2 years) from CT to no-tillage with cover crops (NT-CC), and (iii) the effect in the short-term (from CT to NT-CC) of different topographic positions along a hillside. The results indicate that the SR-SOC increased with depth for all management practices. The SR-SOC ranged from 1.21 to 1.73 in CT0, from 1.48 to 3.01 in CT1, from 1.15 to 2.48 in CT2, from 1.22 to 2.39 in NT-CC and from 0.98 to 4.16 in NT; therefore, the soil quality from the SR-SOC index was not directly linked to the increase or loss of SOC along the soil profile. This demonstrates the time-variability of SR-SOC and that NT improves soil quality in the long-term.

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