Competitive formation of HSO4- and HSO5- from ion-induced SO2 oxidation: Implication in atmospheric aerosol formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 118362
Author(s):  
Narcisse T. Tsona ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Xiuhui Zhang ◽  
Lin Du
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
So2 Oxidation

The rain induced gamma-radiation dose rate enhancement at Järvselja SMEAR station

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmas Hõrrak ◽  
Xuemeng Chen ◽  
Kristo Hõrrak ◽  
Uko Rand ◽  
Kaupo Komsaare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Rate Enhancement ◽  
Gamma Radiation Dose

<p>The SMEAR Estonia station (58.277663 N, 27.308266 E, 36 m a.s.l.) was established in south-east of Estonia at the Järvselja Experimental Forestry in 2012 to investigate the atmosphere-biosphere interactions and atmospheric aerosol formation and growth.</p><p>In summer 2019, the gamma-radiation monitor GammaTRACER XL2-3 (Saphymo GmbH) was set up at Järvselja station and the rain sensor DRD11A (Vaisala Oyj) in autumn 2019. These devices enable to measure the gamma-radiation dose rate and precipitation intensity, which affect the ionization rate of atmospheric air close to ground, with high accuracy and time resolution, and complement our measurement system of atmospheric ions and aerosol particles.</p><p>The gamma-radiation dose rate measurements at about 1.2 m above the ground reveled on relatively steady background about 70 nSv/h occasional events with increase up to about 110 nSv/h, which correlated well with rainfall intensity. Commonly such events last 3-4 hours, but in specific meteorological situation with continuous long-lasting rain and air mass movement from southerly directions the effect can last 2-3 days, resulting in gradual increase in gamma-radiation dose rate level during about 24 h.</p><p>Such a phenomenon is known to occur due to wet deposition of radioactive aerosol particles during rain, namely due to the radon (<sup>222</sup> Rn) short-lived daughter progeny products (Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214) attached to atmospheric aerosol particles. The radon (<sup>222</sup> Rn) daughter progeny involvement is confirmed by simultaneous gamma-spectrometric measurements with SARA AGS711F (Envinet GmbH) at Tõravere station (58° 15' 52,9" N, 26° 27' 42,1", 72 m), located about 50.3 km west from the Järvselja SMEAR station. The gamma dose rates showed very similar temporal behavior when both stations were affected by the same air mass with precipitation zone passing over the stations.</p><p>To our best knowledge, the details of rain-induced enhancement of gamma-radiation dose rate and atmospheric processes behind the phenomenon are not well known and are worth future investigations. The events of rain induced gamma-radiation dose rate enhancement at Järvselja SMEAR and Tõravere station are analyzed and discussed in more detail in the presentation and the spatial representativity of the phenomenon is estimated based on the gamma-radiation monitoring network data of Estonian Early Warning System.</p>

Possibilities for Atmospheric Aerosol Formation involving NH3

1973 ◽  
Vol 244 (134) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. KIANG ◽  
D. STAUFFER ◽  
V. A. MOHNEN
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation

scholarly journals The role of low volatile organics on secondary organic aerosol formation

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1689-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kokkola ◽  
P. Yli-Pirilä ◽  
M. Vesterinen ◽  
H. Korhonen ◽  
H. Keskinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Wall Losses ◽  
Rapid Formation ◽  
New Particles

Abstract. Large-scale atmospheric models, which typically describe secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation based on chamber experiments, tend to systematically underestimate observed organic aerosol burdens. Since SOA constitutes a significant fraction of atmospheric aerosol, this discrepancy translates into an underestimation of SOA contribution to radiative forcing of atmospheric aerosol. Here we show that the underestimation of SOA yields can be partly explained by wall losses of SOA forming compounds during chamber experiments. We present a chamber experiment where α-pinene and ozone are injected into a Teflon chamber. When these two compounds react, we observe rapid formation and growth of new particles. Theoretical analysis of this formation and growth event indicates rapid formation of oxidized volatile organic compounds (OVOC) of very low volatility in the chamber. If these oxidized organic compounds form in the gas phase, their wall losses will have significant implications on their partitioning between the gas and particle phase. Although these OVOCs of very low volatility contribute to the growth of new particles, their mass will almost completely be depleted to the chamber walls during the experiment, while the depletion of OVOCs of higher volatilities is less efficient. According to our model simulations, the volatilities of OVOC contributing to the new particle formation event can be of the order of 10−5 μg m−3.

scholarly journals Atmospheric sub-3 nm particles at high altitudes

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 19435-19470 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mirme ◽  
A. Mirme ◽  
A. Minikin ◽  
A. Petzold ◽  
U. Hõrrak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Ion Clusters ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Atmospheric Clusters

Abstract. Formation of new atmospheric aerosol particles is known to occur almost all over the world and the importance of these particles to climate and air quality has been recognized. Recently, it was found that atmospheric aerosol formation begins at particle diameter of around 1.5–2.0 nm and a pool of sub-3 nm atmospheric particles – consisting of both charged and uncharged ones – was observed at the ground level. Here, we report on the first airborne observations of the pool of sub-3 nm neutral atmospheric particles. Between 2 and 3 nm, their concentration is roughly two orders of magnitude larger than that of the ion clusters, depending slightly on the altitude. Our findings indicate that new particle formation takes place actively throughout the tropospheric column up to the tropopause. Particles were found to be formed via neutral pathways in the boundary layer, and there was no sign of an increasing role by ion-induced nucleation toward the upper troposphere. Clouds, while acting as a source of sub-10 nm ions, did not perturb the overall budget of atmospheric clusters or particles.

scholarly journals GASES DE NITROGÊNIO REATIVO COMO PRECURSORES DO AEROSSOL ATMOSFÉRICO: REAÇÕES DE FORMAÇÃO, PROCESSOS DE CRESCIMENTO E IMPLICAÇÕES AMBIENTAIS

Química Nova ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rocha ◽  
Arnaldo Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Growth Processes

REACTIVE NITROGEN GASES AS PRECURSORS OF ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL: FORMATION REACTIONS, GROWTH PROCESSES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS. The increased emissions of reactive nitrogen gases from anthropogenic sources to the atmosphere has been pointed out as responsible for triggering a series of environmental problems at the local, regional, and global scale. Among the many consequences associated with the excess of reactive nitrogen in the environment is the increase of atmospheric aerosol formation. In this way, the present review article aims to provide an overview of the main aerosol formation reactions from the reactive nitrogen gases, their growth processes, and removal from the atmosphere. The paper also addresses the implications of increasing the atmospheric aerosol load, including effects on the planet’s radiative forcing, cloud formation and precipitation, macronutrient dispersion, visibility and human health. The possible relationship between the long-term exposure to these pollutants and COVID-19 fatality is also discussed. The need for more information related to reactive nitrogen gases and atmospheric aerosols is urgent since they act on fundamental processes on planet Earth and their quantity and composition have been abruptly changed over the last hundred years. Therefore, further investigations on this topic should be stimulated and better integrated in order to guide normative decisions and the delineation of possible solutions.

scholarly journals Impact of a hydrophobic ion on the early stage of atmospheric aerosol formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (45) ◽  
pp. 22540-22544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Feketeová ◽  
Paul Bertier ◽  
Thibaud Salbaing ◽  
Toshiyuki Azuma ◽  
Florent Calvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Water Cluster ◽  
Water Clusters ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Cluster Growth ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Pyridinium Ion

Atmospheric aerosols are one of the major factors affecting planetary climate, and the addition of anthropogenic molecules into the atmosphere is known to strongly affect cloud formation. The broad variety of compounds present in such dilute media and their specific underlying thermalization processes at the nanoscale make a complete quantitative description of atmospheric aerosol formation certainly challenging. In particular, it requires fundamental knowledge about the role of impurities in water cluster growth, a crucial step in the early stage of aerosol and cloud formation. Here, we show how a hydrophobic pyridinium ion within a water cluster drastically changes the thermalization properties, which will in turn change the corresponding propensity for water cluster growth. The combination of velocity map imaging with a recently developed mass spectrometry technique allows the direct measurement of the velocity distribution of the water molecules evaporated from excited clusters. In contrast to previous results on pure water clusters, the low-velocity part of the distributions for pyridinium-doped water clusters is composed of 2 distinct Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions, indicating out-of-equilibrium evaporation. More generally, the evaporation of water molecules from excited clusters is found to be much slower when the cluster is doped with a pyridinium ion. Therefore, the presence of a contaminant molecule in the nascent cluster changes the energy storage and disposal in the early stages of gas-to-particle conversion, thereby leading to an increased rate of formation of water clusters and consequently facilitating homogeneous nucleation at the early stages of atmospheric aerosol formation.

Atmospheric aerosol formation over Athens

1998 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S25-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eleftheriadis ◽  
Meng-Chen Chung ◽  
I. Colbeck
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Formation
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