scholarly journals Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Robertson ◽  
Kelly S. Reeve ◽  
Claire L. Niedzwiedz ◽  
Jamie Moore ◽  
Margaret Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
The Uk

Understanding vaccine hesitancy: the evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Alison While
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Uk

Vaccine hesitancy is a concern both globally and within the UK. Alison While reviews the evidence relating to vaccine hesitancy, its underlying factors and the sociodemographic variations Vaccination is an important public health intervention, but its effectiveness depends upon the uptake of vaccination reaching sufficient levels to yield ‘herd’ immunity. While the majority of the UK hold positive attitudes about vaccination, some people, including health professionals, decline vaccinations. This article reviews the evidence relating to vaccine hesitancy, its underlying factors and the sociodemographic variations.

scholarly journals The Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Sizer ◽  
Oliver Duke-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
The Uk ◽  
State Pension

Background and Rationale The ONS Longitudinal Study (‘the LS’) covers England and Wales and includes individual data from the 1971 – 2011 decennial censuses and linked information on births, deaths and cancer registrations. It is representative of the population of England and Wales. Aim This presentation describes the LS and the linked administrative data, and showcases recent/ prominent examples of research. Methods and Approach The LS is built around samples drawn from decennial censuses, with its initial sample drawn from the 1971 Census. It also contains information about other people living in a sample-member’s household. Substantial emphasis is placed on security of access to the data and its responsible use. All research outputs are checked and are only released to users once disclosure control requirements are met. Linkage of study members from one census to another and vital events is carried out by ONS. Results The LS has been used for a variety of research. Using linked census and death records occupational differences in mortality rates have been researched. Individual records from all five censuses have been used to contribute to research social mobility, and research has also investigated the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution. Research has provided evidence of impact for social policy issues, e.g. health inequalities and the State Pension Age Review. Discussion The main strength of the LS is its large sample size (>1 million), making it the largest nationally representative longitudinal dataset in the UK. This allows analysis of small areas and specific population groups. Sampling bias is almost nil, and response rates are very high relative to other cohort and panel studies. Conclusion The ONS Longitudinal Study is a vital UK research asset, providing access to a large sample of census data linked across five censuses. It is strengthened through linkage to events data.

scholarly journals Strategies and action points to ensure equitable uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations: A national qualitative interview study to explore the views of undocumented migrants, asylum seekers, and refugees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Deal ◽  
Sally E Hayward ◽  
Mashal Huda ◽  
Felicity Knights ◽  
Alison F Crawshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Qualitative Interview ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Asylum Seekers And Refugees ◽  
Roll Out

Introduction Early evidence confirms lower COVID-19 vaccine uptake in established ethnic minority populations, yet there has been little focus on understanding vaccine hesitancy and barriers to vaccination in migrants. Growing populations of precarious migrants (including undocumented migrants, asylum seekers and refugees) in the UK and Europe are considered to be under-immunised groups and may be excluded from health systems, yet little is known about their views on COVID-19 vaccines specifically, which are essential to identify key solutions and action points to strengthen vaccine roll-out. Methods We did an in-depth semi-structured qualitative interview study of recently arrived migrants (foreign-born, >18 years old; <10 years in the UK) to the UK with precarious immigration status between September 2020 and March 2021, seeking their input into strategies to strengthen COVID-19 vaccine delivery and uptake. We used the Three Cs model (confidence, complacency and convenience) to explore COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, barriers and access. Data were analysed using a thematic framework approach. Data collection continued until data saturation was reached, and no novel concepts were arising. The study was approved by the University of London ethics committee (REC 2020.00630). Results We approached 20 migrant support groups nationwide, recruiting 32 migrants (mean age 37.1 years; 21 [66%] female; mean time in the UK 5.6 years [SD 3.7 years]), including refugees (n = 3), asylum seekers (n = 19), undocumented migrants (n = 8) and migrants with limited leave to remain (n = 2) from 15 different countries (5 WHO regions). 23 (72%) of 32 migrants reported being hesitant about accepting a COVID-19 vaccine and communicated concerns over vaccine content, side-effects, lack of accessible information in an appropriate language, lack of trust in the health system and low perceived need. Participants reported a range of barriers to accessing the COVID-19 vaccine and expressed concerns that their communities would be excluded from or de-prioritised in the roll-out. Undocumented migrants described fears over being charged and facing immigration checks if they present for a vaccine. All participants (n = 10) interviewed after recent government announcements that COVID-19 vaccines can be accessed without facing immigration checks remained unaware of this. Participants stated that convenience of access would be a key factor in their decision around whether to accept a vaccine and proposed alternative access points to primary care services (for example, walk-in centres in trusted places such as foodbanks, community centres and charities), alongside promoting registration with primary care for all, and working closely with communities to produce accessible information on COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions Precarious migrants may be hesitant about accepting a COVID-19 vaccine and face multiple and unique barriers to access, requiring simple but innovative solutions to ensure equitable access and uptake. Vaccine hesitancy and low awareness around entitlement and relevant access points could be easily addressed with clear, accessible, and tailored information campaigns, co-produced and delivered by trusted sources within marginalised migrant communities. These findings have immediate relevance to the COVID-19 vaccination initiatives in the UK and in other European and high-income countries with diverse migrant populations.

scholarly journals Psychological distress associated with the second COVID-19 wave: Prospective evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Daly ◽  
Eric Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Pandemic Wave

BackgroundIn late 2020 a second wave of COVID-19 infections occurred in many countries and resulted in a national lockdown in the UK including stay at home orders and school closures. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of psychological distress before and during the second COVID-19 wave in the UK. MethodsThis study drew on data from 10,657 participants from the nationally representative probability-based UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS). The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) assessment measure was used to detect the proportion of UK adults experiencing clinically significant psychological distress. Changes in distress levels associated with the second pandemic wave were examined between September 2020 and January 2021 using logistic regression and linear fixed-effects regression models. ResultsLongitudinal analyses showed that the prevalence of clinically significant distress rose by 5.8% (95% CI:4.4-7.2) from 21.3% in September 2020 to 27.1% in January 2021, compared with a 2019 pre-pandemic estimate of 21% in this cohort. Fixed effects analyses confirmed that the second COVID-19 wave was associated with a significant within-person increase in distress (d =0.15, p&lt;.001). Increases were particularly pronounced among those with school-age children in the home. LimitationsA non-specific measure of mental health symptoms was utilized and it was not possible to separate the potential impact of the pandemic from other changes occurring in tandem within the study period. ConclusionClinically significant distress rose during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic and reached levels similar to those observed in the immediate aftermath of the first pandemic wave.

scholarly journals Medical students’ perceptions of a career in general practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp19X702773
Author(s):  
Kimberley Banner ◽  
Hugh Alberti ◽  
Jane Stewart
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Career Intentions ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Gp Training

BackgroundRecruitment into general practice is falling and many training programmes in the UK have unfilled training posts. In 2016 NHS England pledged to increase the number of graduates entering GP training to 50%. However in 2017 only 15.3% of foundation year 2 doctors commenced general practice.AimThis work aims to understand medical students’ perceptions of a career in general practice, and how this may affect their career intentions.MethodAs part of a larger, longitudinal study at four UK universities. First and fourth year students were invited to a focus group to discuss their perceptions of a career in general practice. The recordings were transcribed and content analysis was performed.ResultsThe perceptions discussed could be broadly grouped into three categories. ‘The GP’ highlighted students’ ideas of the GP as someone who was dedicated, could create rapport, and wanted a family life. The ‘Job of the GP’ indicated students were positive about the continuity of care the job offered, but felt the work was isolating and paperwork heavy. Finally, external factors such as denigration and the ‘GP land’ concept also had an impact on students’ perceptions.ConclusionFurther work is needed to understand how these perceptions develop, how this may impact students career intentions, and how this research could be used to improve GP recruitment. This data will form part of a wider longitudinal study, the results of which will be analysed for themes and personal narratives of the students.

What factors influence measles, mumps and rubella vaccine hesitancy among parents? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Jade Stewart ◽  
Lynn Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Free Status

Background The United Kingdom lost its measles free status in 2019 because of an increase in measles cases, resulting from lowered vaccination uptake. Aims This review aims to gather a deeper understanding about parents' health choices for their children related to this vaccination. Methods A systematic review was carried out with a literature search using CINHAL, MEDLINE and OVID databases to identify information published between September 2016 and February 2020. A critical appraisal of seven studies was completed and a mixed methods synthesis was used to explore the results. Results The review identified factors that contribute to a parent's decision to vaccinate their child against measles, mumps and rubella. Five themes emerged: parental knowledge, attitudes and beliefs; safety concerns; specific groups related to religion and natural lifestyles; socioeconomic factors; and the source of health information. Conclusions Ongoing health promotion is required for the UK to work towards regaining its measles free status.

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