Effectiveness of conservation interventions globally for degraded peatlands in cool-climate regions

Shade-grown coffee is an important reservoir for tropical biodiversity, but habitat quality hinges on decisions made by farmers. Our research aims to investigate the link between coffee producers’ decisions and outcomes for biodiversity, using epiphytes as our focal group. Using qualitative methods, we interviewed 33 producers in northern Nicaragua to understand how they connect trees and epiphytes on their farms to ecosystem services and how personal values, access to agronomic expertise, labor supply, and financial stability influence decision-making. We used interview responses to construct six producer typologies. Most producers had strong positive attitudes toward trees and associated them with a variety of important ecosystem services. Smallholders were more likely to connect trees with provisioning services, while producers on larger farms and with greater agronomic knowledge emphasized regulating services. Most producers connected epiphytes primarily with aesthetic values. Across demographics, producers emphasized the restorative potential for shade coffee in repairing damage to soil, water, and nutrient cycles caused by other forms of agriculture. The conservation significance and sustainability of this social-ecological system can be maintained and expanded through economic and capacity-building conservation interventions, especially when those can be connected to values already held by farmers.

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Material characterisation of a painted beehive panel by advanced spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in combination with hyperspectral imaging

Heritage Science ◽

10.1186/s40494-020-00468-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Klara Retko ◽

Maša Kavčič ◽

Lea Legan ◽

Polonca Ropret ◽

Bojana Rogelj Škafar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Hyperspectral Imaging ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Paint Layer ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Painting Technique ◽

Invasive Techniques ◽

Conservation Interventions

AbstractIn this study, a painted beehive panel from the collection of the Slovene Ethnographic Museum was examined with respect to its material composition with the aim to reveal the painting technique. Due to the state of degradation due to outdoor weathering (UV irradiation, rainfall, extreme temperature and humidity fluctuations), as well as past conservation interventions, the object represented a complex analytical challenge. We aimed for non-invasive techniques (FTIR in reflection mode, Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging in the range of 400–2500 nm); however, in order to explore paint layers, cross-sections were also analysed using Raman spectroscopy. FTIR spectroscopy in transmission mode and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry were also used on sample fragments. Various original materials were identified such as pigments and binders. The surface coating applied during conservation interventions was also characterised. Additionally, organic compounds were found (oxalate, carboxylate), representing transformation products. The potential use of Prussian blue as a background paint layer is discussed.

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The impact of hybrid yeasts on the aroma profile of cool climate Riesling wines

Food Chemistry X ◽

10.1016/j.fochx.2019.100072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 100072 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jean-Philippe Kanter ◽

Santiago Benito ◽

Silvia Brezina ◽

Beata Beisert ◽

Stefanie Fritsch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aroma Profile ◽

The Impact ◽

Cool Climate

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Integrating impact evaluation in the design and implementation of monitoring marine protected areas

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2014.0275 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 370 (1681) ◽

pp. 20140275 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Gabby N. Ahmadia ◽

Louise Glew ◽

Mikaela Provost ◽

David Gill ◽

Nur Ismu Hidayat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protected Areas ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Impact Evaluation ◽

Monitoring Programme ◽

Positive Outcomes ◽

Design And Implementation ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Evaluation Approaches ◽

Matching Techniques ◽

Conservation Interventions

Quasi-experimental impact evaluation approaches, which enable scholars to disentangle effects of conservation interventions from broader changes in the environment, are gaining momentum in the conservation sector. However, rigorous impact evaluation using statistical matching techniques to estimate the counterfactual have yet to be applied to marine protected areas (MPAs). While there are numerous studies investigating ‘impacts’ of MPAs that have generated considerable insights, results are variable. This variation has been linked to the biophysical and social context in which they are established, as well as attributes of management and governance. To inform decisions about MPA placement, design and implementation, we need to expand our understanding of conditions under which MPAs are likely to lead to positive outcomes by embracing advances in impact evaluation methodologies. Here, we describe the integration of impact evaluation within an MPA network monitoring programme in the Bird's Head Seascape, Indonesia. Specifically we (i) highlight the challenges of implementation ‘on the ground’ and in marine ecosystems and (ii) describe the transformation of an existing monitoring programme into a design appropriate for impact evaluation. This study offers one potential model for mainstreaming impact evaluation in the conservation sector.

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A radiocarbon chronology of Holocene climate change and sea-level rise at the Delmarva Peninsula, US Mid-Atlantic Coast

The Holocene ◽

10.1177/09596836211048282 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095968362110482

Author(s):

Kelvin W Ramsey ◽

Jaime L. Tomlinson ◽

C. Robin Mattheus

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

North America ◽

Sea Level Rise ◽

Sea Level ◽

Early Holocene ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Delmarva Peninsula ◽

The Holocene ◽

Cool Climate ◽

And Sea Level

Radiocarbon dates from 176 sites along the Delmarva Peninsula record the timing of deposition and sea-level rise, and non-marine wetland deposition. The dates provide confirmation of the boundaries of the Holocene subepochs (e.g. “early-middle-late” of Walker et al.) in the mid-Atlantic of eastern North America. These data record initial sea-level rise in the early Holocene, followed by a high rate of rise at the transition to the middle Holocene at 8.2 ka, and a leveling off and decrease in the late-Holocene. The dates, coupled to local and regional climate (pollen) records and fluvial activity, allow regional subdivision of the Holocene into six depositional and climate phases. Phase A (>10 ka) is the end of periglacial activity and transition of cold/cool climate to a warmer early Holocene. Phase B (10.2–8.2 ka) records rise of sea level in the region, a transition to Pinus-dominated forest, and decreased non-marine deposition on the uplands. Phase C (8.2–5.6 ka) shows rapid rates of sea-level rise, expansion of estuaries, and a decrease in non-marine deposition with cool and dry climate. Phase D (5.6–4.2 ka) is a time of high rates of sea-level rise, expanding estuaries, and dry and cool climate; the Atlantic shoreline transgressed rapidly and there was little to no deposition on the uplands. Phase E (4.2–1.1 ka) is a time of lowering sea-level rise rates, Atlantic shorelines nearing their present position, and marine shoal deposition; widespread non-marine deposition resumed with a wetter and warmer climate. Phase F (1.1 ka-present) incorporates the Medieval Climate Anomaly and European settlement on the Delmarva Peninsula. Chronology of depositional phases and coastal changes related to sea-level rise is useful for archeological studies of human occupation in relation to climate change in eastern North America, and provides an important dataset for future regional and global sea-level reconstructions.

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Art. VII.—Notes on Persian Belúchistán. From the Persian of Mirza Mehdy Khán. Published Teheran, July, 1875

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society ◽

10.1017/s0035869x00016816 ◽

1876 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 147-154

Author(s):

A. H. Schindler

Keyword(s):

Indian Ocean ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

The South ◽

The West ◽

The North ◽

The People ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

The Hill ◽

Cool Climate

The part of Belúchistán now under Persian rule is bounded upon the north by Seistán, upon the east by Panjgúr and Kej, upon the south by the Indian Ocean, and upon the west by Núrámshír, Rúdbár, and the Báshákerd mountains.This country enjoys a variety of climates; almost unbearable heat exists on the Mekrán coast, we find a temperate climate on the hill slopes and on the slightly raised plains as at Duzek and Bampúr, and a cool climate in the mountainous districts Serhad and Bazmán. The heat at Jálq is said to be so intense in summer that the gazelles lie down exhausted in the plains, and let themselves be taken by the people without any trouble.

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