Effects of temperature and prey availability on the malacophagous larval stage of Sepedon spinipes (Scopoli) (Diptera: Sciomyzidae): Potential biocontrol for gastropod vectors of parasitic diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Mc Donnell ◽  
T.D. Paine ◽  
C.J. Mulkeen ◽  
M.J. Gormally
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Effects of Temperature and Moisture on Survival of Parasites in Stored Winter Moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 851-855
Author(s):  
G. E. Maybee ◽  
H. G. Wylie
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Insect Parasites

Cocoons of winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), reared from larvae collected in Europe, were imported to obtain insect parasites for release in Canada. Normally the sequence of handling the host cocoons consisted of: summer storage (July to October); autumn storage (October to December) during which host emergence occurred; winter storage (January to May); and, finally, a period of incubation (May to June) to obtain in time for release against the larval stage of the host.

scholarly journals Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Present Scenario: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acheenta Gohain Barua ◽  
Mrinmoyee Sarma ◽  
Monoshree Sarma ◽  
Kaushik Kakoty ◽  
Uttam Rajkhowa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Pig Husbandry ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Cysticercosis is one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. It is the most common cause of epilepsy in the areas with improper pig husbandry practices and poor sanitary conditions. In pig the larvae lodges in the muscle and subcutaneous tissue and seldom manifests any clinical sign. In human beings the larval stage resides in the CNS thus leading to the condition Neurocysticercosis. The disease can be diagnosed by using various neuroimaging techniques and immunodiagnostic methods. Available therapeutic options include cysticidal drugs, steroids, anti-epileptic drugs etc. The disease can be controlled by anti-parasitic treatment of the pig and humans residing in endemic areas, vaccinating the pigs, creating awareness and other measures.

scholarly journals Poor taxonomical knowledge of larval fish prey preference is impeding our ability to assess the existence of a “critical period” driving year-class strength

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 2042-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Robert ◽  
Hannah M. Murphy ◽  
Gregory P. Jenkins ◽  
Louis Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Prey Preference ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Prey Selectivity ◽  
Fish Prey ◽  
Taxonomical Knowledge ◽  
Class Strength

Abstract Despite 100 years of research testing the link between prey availability during the larval stage and year-class strength, field-based evidence for Hjort's “critical period” hypothesis remains equivocal. Here, we argue that a minority of past studies have relied on sufficient taxonomical knowledge of larval fish prey preference to reveal the potential effects of variability in zooplankton prey production on larval vital rates and year-class strength. In contrast to the juvenile and adult stages, larval fish diet and prey field are often poorly resolved, resulting in the inclusion of zooplankton taxa that do not actually contribute to the diet as part of the prey field considered by fisheries scientists. Recent studies have demonstrated that when accounting for prey selectivity, the expected positive relationships between preferred prey availability and larval feeding success, growth and survival are revealed. We strongly recommend that laboratories conducting research on larval fish trophodynamics take prey selectivity into account and acquire the necessary taxonomic expertise for providing valid assessments of the influence of prey availability on larval vital rates. We make the prediction that the proportion of studies supporting the existence of a “critical period” will increase proportionally to the progress of knowledge on prey preference during the early larval stage.

scholarly journals Abdominal Hydatidosis: Surgical Perspectives

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ajaz Ahmad Malik
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Dead End ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Abdominal Hydatidosis

Hydatid disease or Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease (Krabbe and Finsen 1862) caused by the larva of Echinococcus species and is one of the oldest known parasitic diseases to man. The disease has a worldwide distribution and is also well recognised and documented in the Indian subcontinent. The disease is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcosis. Humans are accidental intermediate/dead-end hosts whereas animals can be both intermediate and definitive hosts. The two main types of hydatid diseases are caused by E.granulosus and E.multilocularis, former being the most common type in humans and liver is the most commonly affected organ [1]. The other types include E.vogeli, E.oligarthus, E.shiquicus, E.ortleppi and E.equinus. In humans, 50-75% of the cysts occur in liver, 25% in lungs and 5-10% distribute along the arterial system [2] JMS 2018;21(1):1-2

TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOPERIOD EFFECTS ON THE IMMATURE STAGES AND ADULTS OF NEODIPRION SWAINEI (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1705-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. R. Philogène ◽  
Daniel M. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractLarvae of Neodiprion swainei Midd. were reared to the adult stage under controlled conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The effects of temperature are particularly evident during the larval stage, cocoon spinning, and adult emergence and are also observed through variation in cocoon weight and fecundity. Feeding, fecundity, and diapause are directly related to photoperiod. Larvae eat more when the photophase is long, an effect that is detrimental to the organism because there is a parallel loss of energy expressed in the number of day-degrees required to complete development.

An experimental examination of temperature interactions in the match–mismatch hypothesis for Pacific cod larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Laurel ◽  
Thomas P. Hurst ◽  
Lorenzo Ciannelli
Keyword(s):  
Prey Availability ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Pacific Cod ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Gadus Macrocephalus ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Mismatch Hypothesis

The match–mismatch hypothesis (MMH) predicts that marine fish larvae will have their highest rate of growth and survival when they overlap with their prey. However, Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ) and other gadids continue to thrive in the Bering Sea despite delayed prey production resulting from warming and loss of sea ice. In this study, we examined how temperature mediates growth and survival of Pacific cod larvae under varying match–mismatch conditions. Cod larvae were reared at two temperatures (3 °C and 8 °C) and exposed to one of five different food treatments over a 6-week period: (i) high food (HF) (match); (ii) low food (LF); (iii) HF then LF (HF–LF); and (iv) LF then HF (LF–HF) (2–4 mismatch); and (v) no food (NF) (complete mismatch). Results showed that cold environments allow Pacific cod larvae to bridge gaps in prey availability (i.e., timing and magnitude), but negatively impact survival over longer periods. Under warmer conditions, mismatches in prey significantly impacted growth and survival. However, both yolk reserves and compensatory growth mechanisms reduced the severity of mismatches occurring in the first 3 weeks of development. Our results demonstrate a clear need to incorporate the direct effects of temperature on fish larvae in food limitation models.

The early development of antenna and antennal sensilla in the noctuid moth, Agrotis segetum (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-503
Author(s):  
Eric Hallberg ◽  
Lina Hansén
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Agrotis Segetum ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
Standard Procedures

The antennal rudiments in lepidopterous insects are present as disks during the larval stage. The tubular double-walled antennal disk is present beneath the larval antenna, and its inner layer gives rise to the adult antenna during the pupal stage. The sensilla develop from a cluster of cells that are derived from one stem cell, which gives rise to both sensory and enveloping cells. During the morphogenesis of the sensillum these cells undergo major transformations, including cell death. In the moth Agrotis segetum the pupal stage lasts about 14 days (temperature, 25°C). The antennae, clearly seen from the exterior, were dissected and fixed according to standard procedures (3 % glutaraldehyde in 0.15 M cacaodylate buffer, followed by 1 % osmiumtetroxide in the same buffer). Pupae from day 1 to day 8, of both sexes were studied.

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