Biological control of Solidago canadensis using a bioherbicide isolate of Sclerotium rolfsii SC64 increased the biodiversity in invaded habitats

Plant damage by pathogenic fungi is often found in plants, one of which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biological control strategy offers a promising alternative for managing disease in plants because they are environmental friendly compared to pesticides application. One of the biological control offered is by using endophytic fungi isolated from Vitex trivolia L. The aim of the study was to isolate, to identify macroscopic and microscopic endophytic fungi from Vitex trifolia L and to test their antagonism potency against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The isolation obtained 7 endophytic fungi isolates identified based on their genus characteristics, nsmely Periconia sp, Aspergillussp, Dendrophoma sp, Geotrichum sp, Ampulliferina sp, Chalara sp, dan Bispora sp and 2 isolates have not been identified. The Antibacterial test of the fungi isolate on the 4 tested bacteria showed that of all the fungi isolate have low activity. The antagonism test using the direct opposition method with the PIRG formula, showed that the 3 isolates had high percentage of growth inhibition, in which ALJ1, BLJ5, and ALJ3 isolate has 85%, 90%, and 100% respectively. This potency could be used as biological agents on the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.

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Chemical and Biological Control of Sclerotium rolfsii in Grapevine Nurseries

South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture ◽

10.21548/9-1-2309 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Helena A. Keyser ◽

J.H.S. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii

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Major Fungal Contaminants of Mushrooms and Their Management

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v9i2.37513 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 80-93

Author(s):

Ashish Ghimire ◽

Krishna Raj Pandey ◽

Yagya Raj Joshi ◽

Sobita Subedi

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Hot Water ◽

Control Measures ◽

Relative Advantage ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Long Time ◽

Fungal Contaminants

Mushrooms are known for several nutritional and medicinal benefits and are cultivated worldwide. Several fungal contaminants of mushrooms have been serving as the major restraining factor in the growing mushroom industry for a long time. Fungal contaminants like Trichoderma spp., Mycogone spp., Lecanicillium spp., Cladobotryum spp., Coprinus spp., Sependonium spp., Sclerotium rolfsii, and Cephalothecum roseum among many, are found to infect mushroom crops at different stages from spawn run period to maturation of fruiting bodies. These contaminants may reduce yield and/or degrade the quality of fruiting bodies of the mushroom causing economic losses. These contaminants are usually peculiar in terms of their symptomatology on the substrates, disease cycle, epidemiological requirements, and yield losses. Most of these contaminants come from poorly sterilized substrates. Several sterilization techniques like steam sterilization, hot water sterilization, alkalinization, bleaching, and chemical sterilization can be employed to eliminate pre-existing contaminants and each technique has its own relative advantage over others. Besides, biological control involving botanicals and live antagonists can also be used as prophylactic sterilant or as therapeutic sprays. Biological control measures are friendly to the environment and human health. Unlike chemical fungicides (used as sterilant or spray), biological control measures don’t inhibit mushroom mycelial growth and even don’t raise the problem of pesticide resistance in pathogens. Roguing out of infected mushroom fruiting bodies or beds, mushroom house sanitation, and management of vector population are also equally important in preventing the spread of the fungal diseases of mushrooms. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(2): 80-93

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Biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii sacc. in peanut by inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens

Soil Biology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/0038-0717(87)90122-2 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

P. Ganesan ◽

S.S. Gnanamanickam

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii

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First Report of Southern Blight on Canadian Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-9-1172b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (9) ◽

pp. 1172-1172 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

W. Tang ◽

Y. Z. Zhu ◽

H. Q. He ◽

S. Qiang

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Solidago Canadensis ◽

Uniform Size ◽

First Report ◽

Southern Blight ◽

Perennial Plant ◽

Nanjing City

Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L., Asteraceae) is a rhizomatous perennial plant native to North America that has invaded eastern China and continues to spread northward and westward. It is quite common on field borders, roadsides, and in undeveloped areas, posing a serious threat to native ecosystems and their biodiversity. During the late summers of 2007 and 2008, wilted Canadian goldenrod plants were occasionally found in invasive populations in the suburb of Nanjing city. Wilted plants were transplanted and maintained in a greenhouse at Nanjing Agricultural University. A white mass of fungal hyphae, which grew on the soil surface around the stem of the symptomatic S. canadesis plants and eventually covered the stem, was observed. Initially, the base of the stem became yellow, turned brown, and the light brown discoloration extended up the stem to a height of 3 to 7 cm. The leaves then collapsed, starting from the top until the entire plant wilted. The fungus produced numerous, small, roundish sclerotia of uniform size (0.7 to 2.0 mm in diameter), which were white at first and then became brown to dark brown. The fungus grew into the stems and downward into the rhizome area, but no sclerotia were detected inside the stem or root. Diseased tissue with sclerotia was disinfested for 1 min in 1% NaOCl and plated on potato dextrose agar amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate. On the basis of sclerotia morphology and the presence of clamp connections at hyphal septa, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. Pathogenicity of the isolate was confirmed by inoculating 1-year-old S. canadensis plants (average 1.5 m high) grown in pots. The inoculum consisted of cottonseed hulls infested with mycelium and sclerotia of the pathogen and was placed on the soil surface around the base of each unwounded plant. Noninoculated plants served as controls. The pathogenicity test was conducted twice. After inoculation, the plants were maintained at high humidity and 30°C for 3 days and then transferred to a greenhouse. All inoculated plants developed symptoms of southern blight. Inoculated plants developed symptoms of wilting 5 to 7 days after inoculation and were completely wilted within 15 to 20 days. Symptoms of wilting were soon followed by the appearance of white-to-light brown sclerotia on the collar region. Control plants remained symptomless and Sclerotium rolfsii was reisolated from inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of southern blight of Canadian goldenrod caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in China.

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