Biological Control of Stem Rot of Pepper caused by Sclerotium rolfsii using by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KBC1009

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Jae-Gon Kang ◽  
◽  
Young-Ui Lee ◽  
Jeong-chan Park ◽  
Yoon-Woo Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot

Genetic diversity of groundnut rhizosphere antagonistic bacteria and biological control of groundnut wilted diseases in central Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Le ◽  
T. H. Thai ◽  
D. H. Tran ◽  
T. L. Nguyen ◽  
T.T. H. La ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Central Vietnam

Stem rot of groundnut caused by Sclerotium rolfsii, seriously damages groundnut production in central Vietnam. Biological control is a promising strategy for sustainable groundnut cultivation. In this study, indigenous bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of groundnut and tested for fungal inhibition against S. rolfsii in vitro and disease control under net house condition. Genetic diversity of isolated bacterial population was evaluated by BOX-PCR and 16S rDNA sequences. Bacterial strains that showed high disease control in net house were evaluated under natural conditions in farmer fields. The antifungal mechanism of the best bacterial strain was identified. Results of the study showed that the antagonistic bacterial population in groundnut rhizosphere is separated in three bacterial genera including Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Burkholderia. One bacterial strain which produces 2,4-DAPG reduced stem rot of groundnut caused by S. rolfsii and increased yield from 20.3 to 26.3% compared to the control.

A Comparison of Disease Assessment Methods for Southern Stem Rot of Peanut

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Rideout ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
K. L. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Time Required

Abstract Southern stem rot (caused by the soilborne fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) traditionally has been assessed based on the percentage of infected 30.5-cm row segments, commonly referred to as disease incidence. Several alternative disease assessment methods were evaluated in four fungicide trials during the growing season (aboveground ratings) and immediately after peanut inversion (belowground ratings). Pearson's correlation coefficients compared disease assessments and yields for all trials. Across all disease assessment methods, belowground assessments at inversion showed a stronger correlation with yield than in-season aboveground assessments. Several of the alternative assessment methods showed a stronger negative correlation with yield than did the traditional disease incidence rating. However, none of the alternative methods were consistently more precise across all assessment dates and trials. There was a significant positive correlation between many of the alternative methods and the traditional disease incidence method. Furthermore, none of the alternative methods was better than the traditional method for detecting differences among fungicide treatments when subjected to ANOVA and subsequent Waller-Duncan mean separation tests (k-ratio = 100). Based on comparisons of the time required to assess disease intensity, the traditional disease assessment method was found to be the most time efficient method of those tested in this study.

scholarly journals Characterizing CMN1308, a Novel Strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, for Potential Biological Control Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Xuehua ZHANG ◽  
Linling LI ◽  
Shuiyuan CHENG ◽  
Hua CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Spatial Competition ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
Plant Disease Management

Fungal diseases of plants continue to contribute to heavy crop losses in spite of the best control efforts of plant pathologists. Breeding for disease-resistant varieties and the application of synthetic chemical fungicides are the most widely accepted approaches in plant disease management. CMN1308 strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was isolated from healthy Chinese chestnut fruit, which has antibiosis and induced resistance to the prevention mechanism of pathogenic bacterium after picking. In order to evaluate the antibiosis mechanism, CMN1308 was fostered with the method of confront culture. The antimicrobial components were also isolated from the culture of CMN1308, and their stability and antimicrobial activity was tested under different treatments such as temperature, pH and UV. The results showed that CMN1308 displays advantages in regard to spatial competition against the major pathogens of chestnut, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium solani, Stachybotrys chartarum, Cryphonectria parasitica, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger. Among this, CMN1308 had the best antimicrobial activity against P. expansum, with the inhibition zone diameter of 27.1 mm. The antimicrobial material isolated from CMN1308 culture showed a strong inhibition to the growth of P. expansum hyphal and also had a good stability to high temperature, alkali media and UV, but was sensitive to acidic conditions. Furthermore, CMN1308 increased the peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase activity and reduced the MDA content in chestnuts after infecting by pathogenic fungi. Thus, producing antibiotic compounds and inducible resistance are the main factors that may explain the antibacterial mechanism of CMN1308 on chestnut pathogenic. The results of this study might help to optimize the practical use of CMN1308 in the biological control of chestnut rot or other fruit rot infected by pathogenic fungi.

scholarly journals Production of lytic enzymes by Trichoderma strains during in vitro antagonism with Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of stem rot of groundnut

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Parmar H ◽  
P Bodar N ◽  
N Lakhani H ◽  
V Patel S ◽  
V Umrania V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lytic Enzymes

Soil-Borne Pests of Peanut in Growers' Fields with Different Cropping Histories in Alabama1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Bowen ◽  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
J. R. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Aflatoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Seed Invasion

Abstract Pest levels and yields of peanut were monitored in growers' fields in 1991 through 1993. Yields ranged from 2085 to 6440 kg/ha and averaged 3947 kg/ha over the 3 yr. Incidence of southern stem rot (SSR) (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) averaged 7.6 foci (up to 30 cm in length) per 30.5 m row and ranged from 0 to 31.0 foci. Peanut yield tended to be inversely related to incidence of SSR and directly related to the number of years between peanut crops. Incidence of SSR was inversely related to number of years between peanut crops and was consistently greater in fields cropped to peanut every other year compared to other fields with less intensive peanut production. Yields obtained from irrigated fields averaged 11.4% greater than those without irrigation. Leaf spot control programs used by growers provided consistent levels of control. Peanut seed invasion by aflatoxigenic fungi and plant damage by larvae of the lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalus lignosellus) generally were low. Seed invasion by Aspergillus flavus-type fungi was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with damage due to lesser cornstalk borer in 1993. Juvenile populations of root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were positively correlated (P < 0.001) with incidence of SSR in 1992.

On-Farm Evaluations of Reduced Input Fungicide Programs in Peanut Fields with Low, Moderate, or High Levels of Disease Risk

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Woodward ◽  
T. B. Brenneman ◽  
R. C. Kemerait ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
N. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
On Farm

ABSTRACT In 2003, 2004, and 2005 standard and reduced input fungicide programs were evaluated throughout the peanut production region of Georgia for control of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii). Disease risk was determined for each field based on the cultural practices implemented and ranged from low to high. Six to eight fungicide applications were made in the standard programs, versus three to six applications in reduced programs. Leaf spot ratings were higher for the reduced programs in five of the fourteen trials with substantial defoliation occurring in one trial. Overall, southern stem rot control for the reduced programs was equal to or better than that for the standard program, which could be attributed to the differences in fungicide selection or timing. Pod yields for the reduced programs were equal to or greater than the standard programs in all but one trial. Net returns were higher for the reduced programs in half of the trials; however, the reduced program resulted in lower net returns in one trial in 2004. Our results indicate that reduced input fungicide programs can be used to adequately manage fungal diseases of peanut without compromising yield or profitability, and that the use of cultivars with moderate levels of disease resistance may enhance disease control.

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