Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Vitex trifolia L and Antagonism Test against Sclerotium rolfsii and pathogenic bacteria

Plant damage by pathogenic fungi is often found in plants, one of which is caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Biological control strategy offers a promising alternative for managing disease in plants because they are environmental friendly compared to pesticides application. One of the biological control offered is by using endophytic fungi isolated from Vitex trivolia L. The aim of the study was to isolate, to identify macroscopic and microscopic endophytic fungi from Vitex trifolia L and to test their antagonism potency against the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro. The isolation obtained 7 endophytic fungi isolates identified based on their genus characteristics, nsmely Periconia sp, Aspergillussp, Dendrophoma sp, Geotrichum sp, Ampulliferina sp, Chalara sp, dan Bispora sp and 2 isolates have not been identified. The Antibacterial test of the fungi isolate on the 4 tested bacteria showed that of all the fungi isolate have low activity. The antagonism test using the direct opposition method with the PIRG formula, showed that the 3 isolates had high percentage of growth inhibition, in which ALJ1, BLJ5, and ALJ3 isolate has 85%, 90%, and 100% respectively. This potency could be used as biological agents on the pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii.

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Test Antifungal Phatogen Extract Secondary Metabolites Of Endophytic Fungi Raru Plant (Cotylelobium melanoxylon)

JURNAL BIOSAINS ◽

10.24114/jbio.v1i2.2781 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Uswatun Hasanah ◽

Riwayati Riwayati ◽

Idramsa Idramsa

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Paper Disc

This study aims to determine the ability of extracts secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi raru plant Siarang (Cotylelobium melanoxylon) in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi. Pathogenic fungi tested were Collectotrichum, Fusarium oxysporum, Candida albicans and Sclerotium rolfsii. Test antifungal pathogens carried out by using the method of Kirby-Bour, ie by measuring the clear zone located around the paper disc which is the zone of growth inhibition of pathogenic fungi. Measurement of inhibition zone is done by using a caliper or ruler. The results showed that the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi extracts could inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungus Candida albicans is the clear zone of 10.23 mm. Keywords : endophytic fungus, Cotylelobium melanoxylon, extract of secondary metabolites, fungal pathogens, inhibition zone

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Uji Antagonisme Trichoderma harzianum Dan Azotobacter chroococcum Terhadap Rhyzoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii dan Fusarium oxysporum secara in-vitro

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v7i2.764 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. Marthin Kalay ◽

Abraham Talahaturuson ◽

Wilhemina Rumahlewang

Keyword(s):

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽

Organic Media ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Soil Borne Pathogens ◽

Biological Fertilizer ◽

In Vitro Treatment

Damage to plants by pathogenic fungi is often found in nurseries and field. Biological control offers a promising alternative for managing diseases in plants because they are environmentally friendly compared to pesticides. The aim of the study was to test the power of the antagonism of Trichoderma harzianum and Azotobacter chroococcum on solid organic media "TRIAZOTE" which had been stored for five months against R. solani, S. rolfsii, and F. oxysporium pathogens. In-vitro treatment tested the power of antagonism of T. harzianum and A. chroococcum on growth of R. solani, S. rolfsii, and F. Oxysporum pathogens. The results showed that T. harzianum in "TRIAZOTE" which had been stored for five months could inhibit pathogenic growth R. solani, S. rolfsii, and F. oxysporum by 54.57%, 66.22%, and 68,57% respectively. While A. chroococcum did not significantly inhibit pathogenic growth of R. solani (11.02%), S. rolfsii (9.09%) and F. oxyprorum (10.99%). To control the disease in plants, especially those caused by soil borne pathogens R. solani, S. rolfsii and F. oxyprorum, can use biological fertilizer "TRIAZOTE" even though it has been stored for five months

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Structure and inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans sterylglucosidase to develop antifungal agents

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-26163-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nivea Pereira de Sa ◽

Adam Taouil ◽

Jinwoo Kim ◽

Timothy Clement ◽

Reece M. Hoffmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Rational Design ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Growth Defect ◽

Wild Type ◽

Secondary Infections ◽

Heavy Burden

AbstractPathogenic fungi exhibit a heavy burden on medical care and new therapies are needed. Here, we develop the fungal specific enzyme sterylglucosidase 1 (Sgl1) as a therapeutic target. Sgl1 converts the immunomodulatory glycolipid ergosterol 3β-D-glucoside to ergosterol and glucose. Previously, we found that genetic deletion of Sgl1 in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) results in ergosterol 3β-D-glucoside accumulation, renders Cn non-pathogenic, and immunizes mice against secondary infections by wild-type Cn, even in condition of CD4+ T cell deficiency. Here, we disclose two distinct chemical classes that inhibit Sgl1 function in vitro and in Cn cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Sgl1 phenocopies a growth defect of the Cn Δsgl1 mutant and prevents dissemination of wild-type Cn to the brain in a mouse model of infection. Crystal structures of Sgl1 alone and with inhibitors explain Sgl1’s substrate specificity and enable the rational design of antifungal agents targeting Sgl1.

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Antibiotic and Biosurfactant Properties of Cyclic Lipopeptides Produced by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. from the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.68.7.3416-3423.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 3416-3423 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

T. H. Nielsen ◽

D. Sørensen ◽

C. Tobiasen ◽

J. B. Andersen ◽

C. Christophersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Biological Control ◽

Cyclic Peptide ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Growth Media ◽

Single Strain ◽

Cyclic Lipopeptides ◽

Peptide Moiety

ABSTRACT Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) with antibiotic and biosurfactant properties are produced by a number of soil bacteria, including fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. To provide new and efficient strains for the biological control of root-pathogenic fungi in agricultural crops, we isolated approximately 600 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. from two different agricultural soils by using three different growth media. CLP production was observed in a large proportion of the strains (approximately 60%) inhabiting the sandy soil, compared to a low proportion (approximately 6%) in the loamy soil. Chemical structure analysis revealed that all CLPs could be clustered into two major groups, each consisting of four subgroups. The two major groups varied primarily in the number of amino acids in the cyclic peptide moiety, while each of the subgroups could be differentiated by substitutions of specific amino acids in the peptide moiety. Production of specific CLPs could be affiliated with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain groups belonging to biotype I, V, or VI. In vitro analysis using both purified CLPs and whole-cell P. fluorescens preparations demonstrated that all CLPs exhibited strong biosurfactant properties and that some also had antibiotic properties towards root-pathogenic microfungi. The CLP-producing P. fluorescens strains provide a useful resource for selection of biological control agents, whether a single strain or a consortium of strains was used to maximize the synergistic effect of multiple antagonistic traits in the inoculum.

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Antimicrobial evaluation of methyl 4-O-Acetyl-α-L-Rhamnopyranoside derivatives

Chittagong University Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13404 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 33-43

Author(s):

Mohammed M Matin ◽

Mohammad Ibrahim ◽

Md Shafiqur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Curvularia Lunata ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Evaluation

A number of 2,3-di-O-acyl derivatives (6-11) of methyl 4-O-acetyl-a-Lrhamnopyranoside (5) obtained by using various acylating agents were screened for in vitro antifungal activity against four plant pathogenic fungi, viz., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata. Fusarium equiseti and Macrophomina phaseolina. These compounds were also screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against ten human pathogenic bacteria, viz., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, INABA ET (Vibrio), Pseudomonas species, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi. The study reveal that these 4-O-acetyl-?-L-rhamnopyranoside derivatives are more prone towards antifungal activities than that of antibacterial activities. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v3i1.13404 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 3(1&2):33-43, 2008

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Studies of Antimicrobial Activity of 2',4',5'- and 2',3',4'-Trimethoxy Flavanones

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v8i2.26622 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 209-216

Author(s):

A. Rahim ◽

R. Ali ◽

A. Islam

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Paper Disc

2',4',5'- and 2',3',4'-trimethoxy flavanones have been synthesized starting with 2-hydroxyacetophone and substituted aldehyde. Antibacterial activities of the flavanones have been tested along with their corresponding chalcones against two human pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus-b-haemolyticus and Klebsiella sp. (G-)). Antifungal activities of the flavanones have also been investigated against two plants pathogenic mold fungi (Rhizactonia solani Sclerotium rolfsii). The structures of the synthesized compounds have been characterized with the help of UV, IR and 1H NMR and 13C-NMR spectra. The antibacterial and antifungal screening were performed in vitro by the filter paper disc diffusion method and poisoned food technique. The flavanones showed antibacterial activity while no activity was observed to their corresponding chalcones against the tested bacteria. On the other hand, chalcones and their corresponding flavanones both showed fungicidal activities.

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Kemampuan Penghambatan Formulasi Biofungisida Tepung Berbahan Aktif Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai Setelah Penyimpanan Terhadap Jamur Ganoderma boninense Pat. secara in vitro

JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN ◽

10.30598/jbdp.2019.15.2.106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 106-110

Author(s):

Rachmad Saputra ◽

Yetti Elfina ◽

Muhammad Ali

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

High Growth ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Field Testing ◽

High Growth Rate ◽

Ganoderma Boninense ◽

Rice Husks ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Trichoderma Pseudokoningii

Trichoderma pseudokoningii fungus has been tested as biological control agents against several pathogenic fungi, including the Ganoderma boninense fungus which causes basal stem rot disease on oil palm. However, in-field testing, the efficacy of antagonistic microbes still showed unstable results. Therefore, it is necessary to package antagonistic microbes in the form of formulations. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage time of flour biofungicide formulations on the viability and antagonism of T. pseudokoningii Rifai in inhibiting the G. boninense pathogenic fungus in vitro. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments: bagasse (F1), rice husks (F2), dregs (F4) and combinations of bagasse, rice husks and dregs (F12), with three replications. The results showed that the powder biofungicide formulation of F2 (rice husk) was able to maintain the viability of the T. pseudokoningii fungus as indicated by the high number of conidia and high growth rate compared to the other formulations. The T. pseudokoningii fungus in F2 formulation also showed the highest inhibition compared to other formulations after storage for 1 and 2 months. Keywords: biofungicide, formulation, Ganoderma boninense, Trichoderma pseudokoningii ABSTRAK Jamur Trichoderma pseudokoningii telah banyak diuji sebagai jamur antagonis pada beberapa jamur patogen termasuk jamur Ganoderma boninense yang menyebabkan penyakit busuk pangkal batang tanaman kelapa sawit. Namun, pada pengujian di lapangan, efikasi mikroba antagonis masih menunjukkan hasil yang tidak stabil. Oleh karenaya perlu pengemasan mikroba antagonis dalam bentuk formulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu penyimpanan formulasi biofungisida tepung terhadap viabilitas dan daya antagonis T. Pseudokoningii Rifai dalam menghambat jamur G. boninense Pat. secara in vitro. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan: ampas tebu (F1), sekam padi (F2), dregs (F4) dan kombinasi ampas tebu, sekam padi dan dregs (F12), dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulasi biofungisida tepung F2 (sekam padi) mampu menjaga viabilitas jamur T. pseudokoningii yang ditunjukkan dengan banyaknya jumlah konidia dan tingginya kecepatan pertumbuhan dibandingkan dengan formulasi lainnya. Jamur T. pseudokoningii pada formulasi F2 juga menunjukkan daya hambat tertinggi dibandingkan dengan formulasi lainnya setelah penyimpanan 1 dan 2 bulan. Kata kunci: biofungisida, formulasi, Ganoderma boninense, Trichoderma pseudokoningii

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Sclerotium rolfsii Causes White Rot on Taro in Korea

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-13-0093-pdn ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (7) ◽

pp. 1000-1000 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.-H. Kwon ◽

D.-W. Kang ◽

J. Kim

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

South Korea ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

White Rot ◽

Its Sequence ◽

Academic Press ◽

Its Sequence Analysis ◽

Plant Pathogenicity

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) is grown throughout the world primarily for its tubers, which become edible after cooking. Taro stems are often used in a traditional soup in South Korea. In September 2012, a suspected white rot of taro occurred in a farmer's fields in Jinju, South Korea. Infected plants gradually withered, a white mycelial mat appeared, and numerous sclerotia developed on the surface of petioles near the soil line. The heavily infected petioles rotted and the entire plant eventually died. The freshly isolated pathogenic fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and examined microscopically. Aerial mycelia usually formed many narrow hyphal strands 4 to 8 μm wide. The white mycelia formed a typical clamp connection structure after 6 days growth at 25°C. The sclerotia were white at first, gradually turned dark brown, and were 1 to 3 mm in diameter. Small globoid sclerotia formed abundantly on PDA after 18 days of growth. Ten 2-month-old potted taro plants were inoculated with S. rolfsii-colonized agar discs directly at the base of each plant and kept at 25°C in a greenhouse to test pathogenicity. Three taro plants were inoculated similarly with uncolonized agar discs as controls. Eight days after inoculation, blight symptoms were observed, and S. rolfsii was reisolated from the artificially inoculated plants. The control taro plants remained healthy. We amplified and sequenced an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the isolate using the ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) primers to confirm the identity of the fungus (2). The resulting 684-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC491876). A comparison with other sequences available in the GenBank database revealed that the ITS sequence shared 100% similarity with Sclerotium rolfsii sequences (HQ420816 and JN017199). Based on the symptoms, mycological characteristics, ITS sequence analysis, and host plant pathogenicity, this fungus was identified as S. rolfsii Saccardo (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of white rot in taro caused by S. rolfsii in Korea. References: (1) J. E. Mordue. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. No. 410, 1974. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York, 1990.

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Genomic, Antimicrobial, and Aphicidal Traits of Bacillus velezensis ATR2, and Its Biocontrol Potential against Ginger Rhizome Rot Disease Caused by Bacillus pumilus

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Leiqin Liang ◽

Yajuan Fu ◽

Sangsang Deng ◽

Yan Wu ◽

Meiying Gao

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

Bacillus Velezensis ◽

Ginger Rhizome ◽

Biocontrol Potential ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Rhizome Rot

Ginger rhizome rot disease, caused by the pathogen Bacilluspumilus GR8, could result in severe rot of ginger rhizomes and heavily threaten ginger production. In this study, we identified and characterized a new Bacillus velezensis strain, designated ATR2. Genome analysis revealed B. velezensis ATR2 harbored a series of genes closely related to promoting plant growth and triggering plant immunity. Meanwhile, ten gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites (surfactin, bacillomycin, fengycin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, difficidin, macrolactin, bacillaene, plantazolicin, and amylocyclicin) and two clusters encoding a putative lipopeptide and a putative phosphonate which might be explored as novel bioactive compounds were also present in the ATR2 genome. Moreover, B. velezensis ATR2 showed excellent antagonistic activities against multiple plant pathogenic bacteria, plant pathogenic fungi, human pathogenic bacteria, and human pathogenic fungus. B. velezensis ATR2 was also efficacious in control of aphids. The antagonistic compound from B. velezensis ATR2 against B.pumilus GR8 was purified and identified as bacillomycin D. In addition, B. velezensis ATR2 exhibited excellent biocontrol efficacy against ginger rhizome rot disease on ginger slices. These findings showed the potential of further applications of B. velezensis ATR2 as a biocontrol agent in agricultural diseases and pests management.

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In vitro antifungal and demelanizing activity of Nepeta rtanjensis essential oil against the human pathogen Bipolaris spicifera

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1103897g ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 897-905 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Milica Ljaljevic-Grbic ◽

M. Stupar ◽

Jelena Vukojevic ◽

D. Grubisic

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Positive Control ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Conidia Germination ◽

Growth Assay ◽

Human Pathogenic Fungus ◽

Bipolaris Spicifera

The antifungal activity of Nepeta rtanjensis Diklic & Milojevic essential oil was tested against the human pathogenic fungus Bipolaris spicifera (Bainier) Subramanian via mycelial growth assay and conidia germination assay. The minimally inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was determined at 1.0 ?g ml-1, while the MIC for the antifungal drug Bifonazole in a positive control was determined at 10.0 ?g ml-1. The maximum of conidia germination inhibition was accomplished at 0.6 ?g ml-1. In addition, at 0.6 ?g ml-1 and 0.8 ?g ml-1 the oil was able to cause morphophysiological changes in B. spicifera. The most significant result is the bleaching effect of the melanized conidial apparatus of the test fungi, since the melanin is the virulence factor in human pathogenic fungi. These results showed the strong antifungal properties of N. rtanjensis essential oil, supporting its possible rational use as an alternative source of new antifungal compounds.

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