Mathematical modeling, simulation and validation for co-fermentation of glucose and xylose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces stipitis

Xylose is the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Transformation of xylose into valuable chemicals, such as plant natural products, is a feasible and sustainable route to industrializing biorefinery of biomass materials. Yeast strains, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Scheffersomyces stipitis, and Yarrowia lipolytica, display some paramount advantages in expressing heterologous enzymes and pathways from various sources and have been engineered extensively to produce natural products. In this review, we summarize the advances in the development of metabolically engineered yeasts to produce natural products from xylose, including aromatics, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The state-of-the-art metabolic engineering strategies and representative examples are reviewed. Future challenges and perspectives are also discussed on yeast engineering for commercial production of natural products using xylose as feedstocks.

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Single Amino Acid Substitutions in HXT2.4 from Scheffersomyces stipitis Lead to Improved Cellobiose Fermentation by Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03253-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 79 (5) ◽

pp. 1500-1507 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Suk-Jin Ha ◽

Heejin Kim ◽

Yuping Lin ◽

Myoung-Uoon Jang ◽

Jonathan M. Galazka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Amino Acids ◽

Single Amino Acid ◽

Kinetic Properties ◽

Wild Type ◽

Scheffersomyces Stipitis ◽

Content Type ◽

Charged Amino Acids ◽

Cellodextrin Transporter ◽

Engineered Strain

ABSTRACTSaccharomyces cerevisiaecannot utilize cellobiose, but this yeast can be engineered to ferment cellobiose by introducing both cellodextrin transporter (cdt-1) and intracellular β-glucosidase (gh1-1) genes fromNeurospora crassa. Here, we report that an engineeredS. cerevisiaestrain expressing the putative hexose transporter geneHXT2.4fromScheffersomyces stipitisandgh1-1can also ferment cellobiose. This result suggests that HXT2.4p may function as a cellobiose transporter whenHXT2.4is overexpressed inS. cerevisiae. However, cellobiose fermentation by the engineered strain expressingHXT2.4andgh1-1was much slower and less efficient than that by an engineered strain that initially expressedcdt-1andgh1-1. The rate of cellobiose fermentation by theHXT2.4-expressing strain increased drastically after serial subcultures on cellobiose. Sequencing and retransformation of the isolated plasmids from a single colony of the fast cellobiose-fermenting culture led to the identification of a mutation (A291D) in HXT2.4 that is responsible for improved cellobiose fermentation by the evolvedS. cerevisiaestrain. Substitutions for alanine (A291) of negatively charged amino acids (A291E and A291D) or positively charged amino acids (A291K and A291R) significantly improved cellobiose fermentation. The mutant HXT2.4(A291D) exhibited 1.5-fold higherKmand 4-fold higherVmaxvalues than those from wild-type HXT2.4, whereas the expression levels were the same. These results suggest that the kinetic properties of wild-type HXT2.4 expressed inS. cerevisiaeare suboptimal, and mutations of A291 into bulky charged amino acids might transform HXT2.4p into an efficient transporter, enabling rapid cellobiose fermentation by engineeredS. cerevisiaestrains.

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