635. The Influence of Intelligence, Cortical Thickness, Surface Area, and White Matter Connectivity on Child Sexual Abuse Behavior by Pedophiles

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is a highly prevalent and highly heritable neurodevelopmental condition, but studies have mostly taken traditional categorical diagnosis approach (yes/no for autism spectrum disorder). In contrast, an emerging notion suggests a continuum model of autism spectrum disorder with a normal distribution of autistic tendencies in the general population, where a full diagnosis is at the severe tail of the distribution. We set out to investigate such a viewpoint by investigating the interaction of polygenic risk scores for autism spectrum disorder and Age2 on neuroimaging measures (cortical thickness and white matter connectivity) in a general population (n = 391, with age ranging from 3 to 21 years from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics study). We observed that children with higher polygenic risk for autism spectrum disorder exhibited greater cortical thickness for a large age span starting from 3 years up to ∼14 years in several cortical regions localized in bilateral precentral gyri and the left hemispheric postcentral gyrus and precuneus. In an independent case–control dataset from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (n = 560), we observed a similar pattern: children with autism spectrum disorder exhibited greater cortical thickness starting from 6 years onwards till ∼14 years in wide-spread cortical regions including (the ones identified using the general population). We also observed statistically significant regional overlap between the two maps, suggesting that some of the cortical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder overlapped with brain changes associated with genetic vulnerability for autism spectrum disorder in healthy individuals. Lastly, we observed that white matter connectivity between the frontal and parietal regions showed significant association with polygenic risk for autism spectrum disorder, indicating that not only the brain structure, but the white matter connectivity might also show a predisposition for the risk of autism spectrum disorder. Our findings showed that the fronto-parietal thickness and connectivity are dimensionally related to genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder in general population and are also part of the cortical abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder. This highlights the necessity of considering continuum models in studying the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder using polygenic risk scores and multimodal neuroimaging.

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Preserved cortical thickness, surface area and volume in adolescents with PTSD after childhood sexual abuse

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-60256-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mirjam A. Rinne-Albers ◽

Charlotte P. Boateng ◽

Steven J. van der Werff ◽

Francien Lamers-Winkelman ◽

Serge A. Rombouts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Area And Volume

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Brain structural differences between 73- and 92-year olds matched for childhood intelligence, social background, and intracranial volume

10.1101/135871 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Stuart J. Ritchie ◽

David Alexander Dickie ◽

Simon R. Cox ◽

Maria del C. Valdés Hernández ◽

Alison Pattie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Cortical Surface ◽

Age Cohorts ◽

Cortical Surface Area

AbstractFully characterizing age differences in the brain is a key task for combatting ageing-related cognitive decline. Using propensity score matching on two independent, narrow-age cohorts, we used data on childhood cognitive ability, socioeconomic background, and intracranial volume to match participants at mean age 92 years (n = 42) to very similar participants at mean age 73 (n = 126). Examining a variety of global and regional structural neuroimaging variables, there were large differences in grey and white matter volumes, cortical surface area, cortical thickness, and white matter hyperintensity volume and spatial extent. In a mediation analysis, the total volume of white matter hyperintensities and total cortical surface area jointly mediated 24.9% of the relation between age and general cognitive ability (tissue volumes and cortical thickness were not significant mediators in this analysis). These findings provide an unusual and valuable perspective on neurostructural ageing, in which brains from the eighth and tenth decades of life differ widely despite the same cognitive, socio-economic, and brain-volumetric starting points.

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Joint contributions of cortical morphometry and white matter microstructure in healthy brain aging: A partial least squares correlation analysis

10.1101/620419 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

David A. Hoagey ◽

Jenny R. Rieck ◽

Karen M. Rodrigue ◽

Kristen M. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Least Squares ◽

Surface Area ◽

Partial Least Squares ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Brain Aging ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Multivariate Techniques

AbstractCortical atrophy and degraded axonal health have been shown to coincide during normal aging; however, few studies have examined these measures together. To lend insight into both the regional specificity and the relative timecourse of structural degradation of these tissue compartments across the lifespan, we analyzed grey matter (GM) morphometry (cortical thickness, surface area, volume) and estimates of white matter (WM) microstructure (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) using traditional univariate and more robust multivariate techniques to examine age associations in 186 healthy adults aged 20-94 years old. Univariate analysis of each tissue type revealed that negative age associations were largest in frontal grey and white matter tissue and weaker in temporal, cingulate, and occipital regions, representative of not only an anterior-to-posterior gradient, but also a medial-to-lateral gradient. Multivariate partial least squares correlation (PLSC) found the greatest covariance between GM and WM was driven by the relationship between WM metrics in the anterior corpus callosum and projections of the genu, anterior cingulum, and fornix; and with GM thickness in parietal and frontal regions. Surface area was far less susceptible to age effects and displayed less covariance with WM metrics, while regional volume covariance patterns largely mirrored those of cortical thickness. Results support a retrogenesis-like model of aging, revealing a coupled relationship between frontal and parietal GM and the underlying WM, which evidence the most protracted development and the most vulnerability during healthy aging.

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Poster #54 DISRUPTED WHITE MATTER CONNECTIVITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED CORTICAL THICKNESS IN THE CINGULATE CORTEX IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(12)70369-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. S110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kathrin Koch ◽

C. Christoph Schultz ◽

Gerd Wagner ◽

Claudia Schachtzabel ◽

Jürgen R. Reichenbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

White Matter Connectivity

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Disrupted white matter connectivity is associated with reduced cortical thickness in the cingulate cortex in schizophrenia

Cortex ◽

10.1016/j.cortex.2012.02.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 722-729 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kathrin Koch ◽

C. Christoph Schultz ◽

Gerd Wagner ◽

Claudia Schachtzabel ◽

Jürgen R. Reichenbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Cingulate Cortex ◽

White Matter Connectivity

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Malpractice & Negligence: State Supreme Courts Limit Therapists’ Duties to Third Parties

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1017/s1073110500012985 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 204-205

Author(s):

Megan Cleary

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Supreme Court ◽

New Hampshire ◽

Third Parties ◽

State Supreme Courts ◽

Recovered Memories ◽

Supreme Courts ◽

Repressed Memory ◽

University Of Colorado

In recent years, the law in the area of recovered memories in child sexual abuse cases has developed rapidly. See J.K. Murray, “Repression, Memory & Suggestibility: A Call for Limitations on the Admissibility of Repressed Memory Testimony in Abuse Trials,” University of Colorado Law Review, 66 (1995): 477-522, at 479. Three cases have defined the scope of liability to third parties. The cases, decided within six months of each other, all involved lawsuits by third parties against therapists, based on treatment in which the patients recovered memories of sexual abuse. The New Hampshire Supreme Court, in Hungerford v. Jones, 722 A.2d 478 (N.H. 1998), allowed such a claim to survive, while the supreme courts in Iowa, in J.A.H. v. Wadle & Associates, 589 N.W.2d 256 (Iowa 1999), and California, in Eear v. Sills, 82 Cal. Rptr. 281 (1991), rejected lawsuits brought by nonpatients for professional liability.

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