Enhancing hyper-thermophilic hydrolysis pre-treatment of chicken manure for biogas production by in-situ gas phase ammonia stripping

The requirement for enhanced stabilization processes to obtain a more stable, pathogen-free sludge for agricultural use is an increasing challenge to comply with in the waste hierarchy. With this in mind, the Routes European project (‘Novel processing routes for effective sewage sludge management’) is addressed to assess innovative solutions with the aim of maximizing sludge quality and biological stability. In order to increase anaerobic stabilization performances, the sequential anerobic/aerobic process and the thermophilic digestion process, with or without integration of the thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment, were investigated as regards the effect on sludge stabilization, dewaterability and digestion performances. Thermal pre-treatment improved anaerobic digestion in terms of volatile solids reduction and biogas production, but digestate dewaterability worsened. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) quantification showed an increase of methanogens consistent with the increase of biogas produced. The aerobic post-treatment after mesophilic digestion had a beneficial effect on dewaterability and stability of the digested sludge even if was with a reduction of the potential energy recovery.

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Upgrading the anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of chicken manure by introducing in-situ ammonia stripping and hyper-thermophilic pretreatment

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123470 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 310 ◽

pp. 123470

Author(s):

Dong-min Yin ◽

Mohammad J. Taherzadeh ◽

Min Lin ◽

Meng-meng Jiang ◽

Wei Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Bioreactor ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Ammonia Stripping ◽

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor

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In Situ Observation of Electron-Beam-Induced Formation of Nano-Structures in PbTe

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11010163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Iryna Zelenina ◽

Igor Veremchuk ◽

Yuri Grin ◽

Paul Simon

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Threshold Current ◽

Threshold Current Density ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

In Situ Observation ◽

Nano Structures ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Initial Crystal

Nano-scaled thermoelectric materials attract significant interest due to their improved physical properties as compared to bulk materials. Well-shaped nanoparticles such as nano-bars and nano-cubes were observed in the known thermoelectric material PbTe. Their extended two-dimensional nano-layer arrangements form directly in situ through electron-beam treatment in the transmission electron microscope. The experiments show the atomistic depletion mechanism of the initial crystal and the recrystallization of PbTe nanoparticles out of the microparticles due to the local atomic-scale transport via the gas phase beyond a threshold current density of the beam.

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Swine manure biogas production improvement using pre-treatment strategies: lab-scale studies and full-scale application

Bioresource Technology Reports ◽

10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100716 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100716

Author(s):

Deisi Cristina Tápparo ◽

Daniela Cândido ◽

Ricardo Luis Radis Steinmetz ◽

Christian Etzkorn ◽

André Cestonaro do Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Swine Manure ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Full Scale ◽

Production Improvement ◽

Pre Treatment

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An Atmospheric Origin for HCN-Derived Polymers on Titan

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9060965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 965

Author(s):

Zoé Perrin ◽

Nathalie Carrasco ◽

Audrey Chatain ◽

Lora Jovanovic ◽

Ludovic Vettier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Formation Process ◽

Upper Atmosphere ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Space Probe ◽

Atmospheric Haze ◽

Formation And Evolution ◽

Haze Formation

Titan’s haze is strongly suspected to be an HCN-derived polymer, but despite the first in situ measurements by the ESA-Huygens space probe, its chemical composition and formation process remain largely unknown. To investigate this question, we simulated the atmospheric haze formation process, experimentally. We synthesized analogues of Titan’s haze, named Titan tholins, in an irradiated N2–CH4 gas mixture, mimicking Titan’s upper atmosphere chemistry. HCN was monitored in situ in the gas phase simultaneously with the formation and evolution of the haze particles. We show that HCN is produced as long as the particles are absent, and is then progressively consumed when the particles appear and grow. This work highlights HCN as an effective precursor of Titan’s haze and confirms the HCN-derived polymer nature of the haze.

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The Influence of Leachate Refluence on Dry Mesophilic Co-Fermentation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1735 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 1735-1739

Author(s):

Fu Bin Yin ◽

Zi Fu Li ◽

Shuang Hou ◽

Xiao Feng Bai ◽

Ting Ting Wang

Keyword(s):

Biogas Production ◽

Methane Content ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Good Effect ◽

Corn Straw ◽

Biogas Yield

The main objectives of this research were to determine the effect of leachate refluence on biogas production for dry mesophilic co-fermentation of chicken manure and corn straw. The biogas production, the ratio of biogas production, methane content and pH were analyzed. The results showed that the leachate refluence has a significant impact on biogas production of dry co-fermentation. The cumulative biogas yield of the once in 48h has an increase by 10% and 5% for no reflux and once in 24h, respectively. The leachate refluence has little influence on the methane content, but it has good effect to keep pH in the optimum rang.

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In Situ Optical Analysis of the Gas Phase during the Deposition of Silicon Carbide from Methyltrichlorosilane

Journal of The Electrochemical Society ◽

10.1149/1.1836694 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 143 (5) ◽

pp. 1654-1661 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

M. Ganz ◽

N. Dorval ◽

M. Lefebvre ◽

M. Péalat ◽

F. Loumagne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silicon Carbide ◽

Gas Phase ◽

Optical Analysis

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Alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench for biogas production

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-012-0298-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Karina Michalska ◽

Stanisław Ledakowicz

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Methane Generation ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Alkali Hydrolysis ◽

Almost All

AbstractThis work studies the influence of the alkali pre-treatment of Sorghum Moench — a representative of energy crops used in biogas production. Solutions containing various concentrations of sodium hydroxide were used to achieve the highest degradation of lignocellulosic structures. The results obtained after chemical pre-treatment indicate that the use of NaOH leads to the removal of almost all lignin (over 99 % in the case of 5 mass % NaOH) from the biomass, which is a prerequisite for efficient anaerobic digestion. Several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, total phenolic content, volatile fatty acids, and general nitrogen were determined in the hydrolysates thus obtained in order to define the most favourable conditions. The best results were obtained for the Sorghum treated with 5 mass % NaOH at 121°C for 30 min The hydrolysate thus achieved consisted of high total phenolic compounds concentration (ca. 4.7 g L−1) and chemical oxygen demand value (ca. 45 g L−1). Although single alkali hydrolysis causes total degradation of glucose, a combined chemical and enzymatic pre-treatment of Sorghum leads to the release of large amounts of this monosaccharide into the supernatant. This indicates that alkali pre-treatment does not lead to complete cellulose destruction. The high degradation of lignin structure in the first step of the pre-treatment rendered the remainder of the biomass available for enzymatic action. A comparison of the efficiency of biogas production from untreated Sorghum and Sorghum treated with the use of NaOH and enzymes shows that chemical hydrolysis improves the anaerobic digestion effectiveness and the combined pre-treatment could have great potential for methane generation.

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