scholarly journals Potential role of selection bias in the association between childhood leukemia and residential magnetic fields exposure: A population-based assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danna A. Slusky ◽  
Monique Does ◽  
Catherine Metayer ◽  
Gabor Mezei ◽  
Steve Selvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Selection Bias ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Selection Bias in the Protective Relationship Between Caregiving and Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 1961-1969
Author(s):  
Meghan L Smith ◽  
Timothy C Heeren ◽  
Lynsie R Ranker ◽  
Lisa Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ancillary Study ◽  
Participation Bias ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Key Points

Abstract Caregivers have lower mortality rates than noncaregivers in population-based studies, which contradicts the caregiver-stress model and raises speculation about selection bias influencing these findings. We examined possible selection bias due to 1) sampling decisions and 2) selective participation among women (baseline mean age = 79 years) in the Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (Caregiver-SOF) (1999–2009), an ancillary study to the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). Caregiver-SOF includes 1,069 SOF participants (35% caregivers) from 4 US geographical areas (Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania; and Portland, Oregon). Participants were identified by screening all SOF participants for caregiver status (1997–1999; n = 4,036; 23% caregivers) and rescreening a subset of caregivers and noncaregivers matched on sociodemographic factors 1–2 years later. Adjusted hazard ratios related caregiving to 10-year mortality in all women initially screened, subsamples representing key points in constructing Caregiver-SOF, and Caregiver-SOF. Caregivers had better functioning than noncaregivers at each screening. The association between caregiving and mortality among women invited to participate in Caregiver-SOF (41% died; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61, 0.88) was slightly more protective than that in all initially screened women (37% died; aHR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.95), indicating little evidence of selection bias due to sampling decisions, and was similar to that in Caregiver-SOF (39% died; aHR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.89), indicating no participation bias. These results add to a body of evidence that informal caregiving may impart health benefits.

scholarly journals Residential magnetic fields exposure and childhood leukemia: a population-based case–control study in California

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1117-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeka Kheifets ◽  
Catherine M. Crespi ◽  
Chris Hooper ◽  
Myles Cockburn ◽  
Aryana T. Amoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Menstrual Migraine in A Representative Dutch Population Sample: Prevalence, Disability and Treatment

Cephalalgia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
EGM Couturier ◽  
MAM Bomhof ◽  
A Knuistingh Neven ◽  
NP van Duijn
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Menstrual Migraine ◽  
Substantial Proportion ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Dutch Population ◽  
Frequent Problem

We assessed the prevalence of menstrual migraine and its restrictions on daily activities in a representative Dutch population sample of 1181 Dutch women, aged 13-55 years. Further, we evaluated the potential role of oral contraceptives, and how menstrual migraine is treated. More than half suffered from menstrual complaints, a substantial proportion reported headache or migraine as a frequent problem. Use of oral contraceptives seemed to reduce the occurrence of menstrual complaints, but not the occurrence of headache and migraine. In our study, the prevalence of menstrual migraine (3%) is lower than in the literature, most probably because we did not use a selected group of patients but a population-based sample of ordinary women. It was confirmed that attacks of menstrual migraine are more severe, of longer duration, and more resistant to treatment than migraine attacks at other times of the month.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Oral Rinses Targeting the Viral Lipid Envelope in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Function ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie B O’Donnell ◽  
David Thomas ◽  
Richard Stanton ◽  
Jean-Yves Maillard ◽  
Robert C Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Viral Inactivation ◽  
Active Monitoring ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Published Research

Abstract Emerging studies increasingly demonstrate the importance of the throat and salivary glands as sites of virus replication and transmission in early COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, characterized by an outer lipid membrane derived from the host cell from which it buds. While it is highly sensitive to agents that disrupt lipid biomembranes, there has been no discussion about the potential role of oral rinsing in preventing transmission. Here, we review known mechanisms of viral lipid membrane disruption by widely available dental mouthwash components that include ethanol, chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, and povidone-iodine. We also assess existing formulations for their potential ability to disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 lipid envelope, based on their concentrations of these agents, and conclude that several deserve clinical evaluation. We highlight that already published research on other enveloped viruses, including coronaviruses, directly supports the idea that oral rinsing should be considered as a potential way to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Research to test this could include evaluating existing or specifically tailored new formulations in well-designed viral inactivation assays, then in clinical trials. Population-based interventions could be undertaken with available mouthwashes, with active monitoring of outcome to determine efficacy. This is an under-researched area of major clinical need.

scholarly journals The role of dwelling type when estimating the effect of magnetic fields on childhood leukemia in the California Power Line Study (CAPS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-567
Author(s):  
A. T. Amoon ◽  
C. M. Crespi ◽  
A. Nguyen ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
X. Vergara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Power Line

scholarly journals Probing the Pre-diagnostic Phase of Parkinson' Disease in Population-Based Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne J. Dommershuijsen ◽  
Agnita J. W. Boon ◽  
M. Kamran Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Insight Into

Parkinson's disease covers a wide spectrum of symptoms, ranging from early non-motor symptoms to the characteristic bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity. Although differences in the symptomatology of Parkinson's disease are increasingly recognized, there is still a lack of insight into the heterogeneity of the pre-diagnostic phase of Parkinson's disease. In this perspective, we highlight three aspects regarding the role of population-based studies in providing new insights into the heterogeneity of pre-diagnostic Parkinson's disease. First we describe several specific advantages of population-based cohort studies, including the design which overcomes some common biases, the broad data collection and the high external validity. Second, we draw a parallel with the field of Alzheimer's disease to provide future directions to uncover the heterogeneity of pre-diagnostic Parkinson's disease. Finally, we anticipate on the emergence of prevention and disease-modification trials and the potential role of population-based studies herein. In the coming years, bridging gaps between study designs will be essential to make vital advances in elucidating the heterogeneity of pre-diagnostic Parkinson's disease.

Influence of Magnetic Fields on Solar Hydrodynamics: Experimental Results

1977 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 143-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Stenflo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Solar Atmosphere ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Solar Rotation ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

It is well-known that solar activity is basically caused by the Interaction of magnetic fields with convection and solar rotation, resulting in a great variety of dynamic phenomena, like flares, surges, sunspots, prominences, etc. Many conferences have been devoted to solar activity, including the role of magnetic fields. Similar attention has not been paid to the role of magnetic fields for the overall dynamics and energy balance of the solar atmosphere, related to the general problem of chromospheric and coronal heating. To penetrate this problem we have to focus our attention more on the physical conditions in the ‘quiet’ regions than on the conspicuous phenomena in active regions.

POPDC proteins and cardiac function

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brand
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
And Function

Abstract The Popeye domain-containing gene family encodes a novel class of cAMP effector proteins in striated muscle tissue. In this short review, we first introduce the protein family and discuss their structure and function with an emphasis on their role in cyclic AMP signalling. Another focus of this review is the recently discovered role of POPDC genes as striated muscle disease genes, which have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and muscular dystrophy. The pathological phenotypes observed in patients will be compared with phenotypes present in null and knockin mutations in zebrafish and mouse. A number of protein–protein interaction partners have been discovered and the potential role of POPDC proteins to control the subcellular localization and function of these interacting proteins will be discussed. Finally, we outline several areas, where research is urgently needed.

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