Assessing impacts of rainfall intensity and slope on dissolved and adsorbed nitrogen loss under bare loessial soil by simulated rainfalls

Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main factors contaminating the environment. However, the impact of rainfall on loss of non-point nitrogen is far from well understood. Based on the artificial rainfall simulation experiments to monitor the loss of dissolved nitrogen (DN) in surface runoff and interflow of vegetable field, this study analyzed the effects of rainfall intensity and fertilization scheme on nitrogen (N) loss. The results indicated that fertilizer usage is the main factor affecting the nitrogen loss in surface runoff, while runoff and rainfall intensity play important roles in interflow nitrogen loss. The proportion of DN lost through the surface runoff was more than 91%, and it decreased with increasing rainfall intensity. There was a clear linear trend (r2 > 0.96) between the amount of DN loss and runoff. Over 95% of DN was lost as nitrate nitrogen (NN), which was the major component of nitrogen loss. Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment (CF), the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the optimized fertilization treatment (OF) decreased by 38.9%, and the loss of DN decreased by 28.4%, but root length, plant height and yield of pak choi increased by 6.3%, 2.7% and 5.6%, respectively. Our findings suggest that properly reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer but will not reduce the yield of pak choi. Controlling fertilizer usage and reducing runoff generation are important methods to reduce the DN loss in vegetable fields.

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ANALYSIS ABOUT THE INCREASE OF SEDIMENT AS A RESULT OF RAINFALL INTENSITY ON LUSI WATERSHED IN DISTRICT BANJAREJO BLORA

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN ADVANCE ENGINEERING ◽

10.26472/ijrae.v2i3.55 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Tjokro Hadi Polines

Keyword(s):

Rainfall Intensity

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Sewer System for Improving Flood Control in Tokyo: A Step towards a Return Period of 70 Years

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0677 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (1-2) ◽

pp. 303-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazuyuki Higuchi ◽

Masahiro Maeda ◽

Yasuyuki Shintani

Keyword(s):

Return Period ◽

Flood Control ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Runoff Coefficient ◽

Large Drop ◽

Construction Costs ◽

Sewer System ◽

Construction Period ◽

Metropolitan Government ◽

Under Construction

The Tokyo Metropolitan Government has planned future flood control for a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/hr, which corresponds to a return period of 70 years, and a runoff coefficient of 0.8. Considering that the realization of this plan requires a long construction period and high construction costs, the decision was made to proceed by stages. In the first stage, the improvement of the facilities will be based on a rainfall intensity of 75 mm/hr (presently 50 mm/hr), corresponding to a return period of 17 years, and a runoff coefficient of 0.8. In the next stage the facilities will be improved to accommodate a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/hr. In the Nakano and Suginami regions, which suffer frequently from flooding, the plan of improvement based on a rainfall intensity of 75 mm/hr is being implemented before other areas. This facility will be used as a storage sewer for the time being. The Wada-Yayoi Trunk Sewer, as a project of this plan, will have a diameter of 8 m and a 50 m earth cover. This trunk sewer will be constructed considering several constraints. To resolve these problems, hydraulic experiments as well as an inventory study have been carried out. A large drop shaft for the trunk sewer is under construction.

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RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION THRESHOLDS FOR POST-WILDFIRE DEBRIS FLOWS IN ARIZONA

10.1130/abs/2018rm-313972 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carissa A. Raymond ◽

◽

Luke McGuire ◽

Ann M. Youberg

Keyword(s):

Debris Flows ◽

Rainfall Intensity

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Foliar Urea with N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide for Sustainable Yield and Quality of Pineapple in a Controlled Environment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6880

Author(s):

Mohammad Amdadul Haque ◽

Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽

Phebe Ding ◽

Noraini Md. Jaafar ◽

Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Urea Solution ◽

Urease Inhibitor ◽

N Losses ◽

N Accumulation ◽

Yield And Quality

In agricultural production, nitrogen loss leads to economic loss and is a high environmental risk affecting plant growth, yield, and quality. Use of the N fertilizer with a urease inhibitor is thus necessary to minimize N losses and increase the efficiency of N. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N-(n-butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) on the growth, yield, and quality of pineapple. The experiment involved two foliar fertilizer treatments: 1% (w/v) urea solution with NBPT (2.25 mL kg−1 urea) was treated as NLU (NBPT Liquid Urea), and the same concentration of urea without NBPT served as the control. Both were applied 12 times, starting 1 month after planting (MAP) and continuing once a month for 12 months. The application of urea with NBPT notably increased the above-ground dry biomass per plant (20% and 10% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), leaf area per plant (23% and 15% at 8 and 12 MAP, respectively), N accumulation per plant (10%), PFPN (Partial Factor Productivity) (13%), and average fruit weight (15%) compared to the treatment with urea alone (control). The analysis of quality parameters indicated that urea with NBPT improves TSS (Total Soluble Solids) (19%), ascorbic acid (10%), and sucrose (14%) but reduces the total organic acid content (21%) in pineapple. When using urea with a urease inhibitor (NBPT), there was a significant improvement in growth, yield, quality, and nitrogen use efficiency, with the additional benefit of reduced nitrogen losses, in combination with easy handling. Hence, urea with a urease inhibitor can be used as a viable alternative for increasing pineapple yield by boosting growth with better fruit quality.

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Microbial niche differentiation explains nitrite oxidation in marine oxygen minimum zones

The ISME Journal ◽

10.1038/s41396-020-00852-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Sun ◽

Claudia Frey ◽

Emilio Garcia-Robledo ◽

Amal Jayakumar ◽

Bess B. Ward

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Niche Differentiation ◽

Nitrite Reduction ◽

Nitrite Oxidation ◽

Fixed Nitrogen ◽

Anoxic Waters ◽

Biogeochemical Models ◽

Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽

Oxygen Addition ◽

Oxygen Minimum

AbstractNitrite is a pivotal component of the marine nitrogen cycle. The fate of nitrite determines the loss or retention of fixed nitrogen, an essential nutrient for all organisms. Loss occurs via anaerobic nitrite reduction to gases during denitrification and anammox, while retention occurs via nitrite oxidation to nitrate. Nitrite oxidation is usually represented in biogeochemical models by one kinetic parameter and one oxygen threshold, below which nitrite oxidation is set to zero. Here we find that the responses of nitrite oxidation to nitrite and oxygen concentrations vary along a redox gradient in a Pacific Ocean oxygen minimum zone, indicating niche differentiation of nitrite-oxidizing assemblages. Notably, we observe the full inhibition of nitrite oxidation by oxygen addition and nitrite oxidation coupled with nitrogen loss in the absence of oxygen consumption in samples collected from anoxic waters. Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, including novel clades with high relative abundance in anoxic depths, were also detected in the same samples. Mechanisms corresponding to niche differentiation of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria across the redox gradient are considered. Implementing these mechanisms in biogeochemical models has a significant effect on the estimated fixed nitrogen budget.

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Estimation of the G2P Design Storm from a Rainfall Convectivity Index

Water ◽

10.3390/w13141943 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 1943

Author(s):

Rosario Balbastre-Soldevila ◽

Rafael García-Bartual ◽

Ignacio Andrés-Doménech

Keyword(s):

Shape Parameter ◽

Rainfall Intensity ◽

Analytical Relationship ◽

Urban Drainage ◽

Practical Application ◽

Resolution Time ◽

Simple Method ◽

Design Storm ◽

Intensity Duration Frequency ◽

Two Parameter

The two-parameter gamma function (G2P) design storm is a recent methodology used to obtain synthetic hyetographs especially developed for urban hydrology applications. Further analytical developments on the G2P design storm are presented herein, linking the rainfall convectivity n-index with the shape parameter of the design storm. This step can provide a useful basis for future easy-to-handle rainfall inputs in the context of regional urban drainage studies. A practical application is presented herein for the case of Valencia (Spain), based on high-resolution time series of rainfall intensity. The resulting design storm captures certain internal statistics and features observed in the fine-scale rainfall intensity historical records. On the other hand, a direct, simple method is formulated to derivate the design storm from the intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves, making use of the analytical relationship with the n-index.

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