Evidence of extensive plasma glucose recycling following a glucose load in seabass

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Rito ◽  
Ivan Viegas ◽  
Miguel A. Pardal ◽  
John G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Recycling

Plasma glucose concentration determines direct versus indirect liver glycogen synthesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (5) ◽  
pp. E584-E590 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lang ◽  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
H. L. Blakesley ◽  
J. L. Johnson ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Glucose Infusion Rate ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Indirect Pathway

In the present study hepatic glycogenesis by the direct versus indirect pathway was determined as a function of the glucose infusion rate. Glycogen synthesis was examined in catheterized conscious rats that had been fasted 48 h before receiving a 3-h infusion (iv) of glucose. Glucose, containing tracer quantities of [U-14C]- and [6-3H]glucose, was infused at rates ranging from 0 to 230 mumol X min-1 X kg-1. Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and insulin were positively correlated with the glucose infusion rate. Despite large changes in plasma glucose, lactate, and insulin concentrations, the rate of hepatic glycogen deposition (0.46 +/- 0.03 mumol X min-1 X g-1) did not vary significantly between glucose infusion rates of 20 and 230 mumol X min-1 X kg-1. However, the percent contribution of the direct pathway to glycogen repletion gradually increased from 13 +/- 2 to 74 +/- 4% in the lowest to the highest glucose infusion rates, with prevailing plasma glucose concentrations from 9.4 +/- 0.5 to 21.5 +/- 2.1 mM. Endogenous glucose production was depressed (by up to 40%), but not abolished by the glucose infusions. Only a small fraction (7-14%) of the infused glucose load was incorporated into liver glycogen via the direct pathway irrespective of the glucose infusion rate. Our data indicate that the relative contribution of the direct and indirect pathways of hepatic glycogen synthesis are dependent on the glucose load or plasma glucose concentration and emphasize the predominance of the indirect pathway of glycogenesis at plasma glucose concentrations normally observed after feeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Glucose Load on Synthesis of Plasma Glucose in Lactating Cows

1975 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Thompson ◽  
G. Weiser ◽  
Katsuo Seto ◽  
A.L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

scholarly journals Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble dietary fibre and polyphenols increases plasma glucose and serum insulin responses in combination with a glucose load in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindy Gruendel ◽  
Baerbel Otto ◽  
Ada L. Garcia ◽  
Karen Wagner ◽  
Corinna Mueller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Insulin Responses

Dietary fibre consumption is associated with improved glucose homeostasis. In contrast, dietary polyphenols have been suggested to exert both beneficial and detrimental effects on glucose and insulin metabolism. Recently, we reported that a polyphenol-rich insoluble dietary fibre preparation from carob pulp (carob fibre) resulted in lower postprandial acylated ghrelin levels after a liquid meal challenge test compared with a control meal without supplementation. The effects may, however, differ when a different food matrix is used. Thus, we investigated the effects of carob fibre on glucose, insulin and ghrelin responses in healthy humans in combination with a glucose load. In a randomized single-blind cross-over study involving twenty healthy subjects (aged 22–62 years), plasma glucose, total and acylated ghrelin, and serum insulin were repeatedly assessed before and after the ingestion of 200 ml water with 50 g glucose and 0, 5, 10 or 20 g carob fibre over a period of 180 min. The intake of 5 and 10 g carob fibre increased the plasma glucose by 47 % and 64 % (P < 0·001), and serum insulin by 19·9 and 24·8 % (P < 0·001), compared with the control. Plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations did not change significantly after the consumption of carob-enriched glucose solution. Total ghrelin decreased only after 10 g carob fibre (P < 0·001) compared with control. In conclusion, we showed that polyphenol-rich carob fibre, administered within a water–glucose solution, increases postprandial glucose and insulin responses, suggesting a deterioration in glycaemic control.

Effects of hyperprolactinaemia on glucose tolerance and insulin release in male and female rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Reis ◽  
A M Reis ◽  
C C Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Abstract It has been shown that prolactin (PRL) induces glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance in several animal species, including rats. However, the sex differences regarding glucose homeostasis and insulin release in hyperprolactinaemic subjects have not been assessed to date. In the present study, hyperprolactinaemic (pituitary-grafted) or control (sham-operated) male and female rats were submitted to an i.v. glucose tolerance test (30 mg/100 g body weight, 30% glucose). Grafted female rats had fasting plasma glucose concentrations 26% above control (P<0·01). After the glucose load there was a rapid and pronounced increase in plasma glucose levels in all animal groups, followed by a return to basal values within 30 min. However, the glucose concentrations in hyperprolactinaemic rats were significantly greater than those in controls at 5 min (males, P<0·05) and 30 min (females, P<0·05). The glucose disappearance rate was significantly increased in the grafted females compared with control (P<0·01) and slightly increased in the grafted males. Plasma insulin concentration increased just after glucose load and returned to basal values within 5 min in all groups except for the grafted females, which had recovered their basal insulin levels at 15 min. The grafted male rats had insulin concentrations higher than those of sham-operated controls at 2 min (28·9 ± 3·6 vs 17·3 ± 2·1 μU/ml, P<0·01), whereas females had plasma insulin concentrations greater than those in sham-operated controls 10 min after the glucose load (15·9 ± 1·9 vs 10·1 ± 1·4 μU/ml, P<0·05). The areas under the plasma insulin concentration–time curves were also significantly increased in the hyperprolactinaemic rats and were positively correlated with plasma PRL concentrations (r=0·613, P<0·01). These results demonstrate that moderate chronic hyperprolactinaemia is associated with increased glucose-induced insulin release, which was altered at different times after the glucose load in grafted male and female rats, whereas fasting hyperglycaemia was observed only in grafted females, indicating a sexual dimorphism in the diabetogenic effects of PRL in rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 153, 423–428

THE EFFECT OF URINARY GLUCOSE EXCRETION ON THE PLASMA GLUCOSE CLEARANCES AND PLASMA INSULIN RESPONSES TO INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE LOADS IN UNANAESTHESIZED DOGS

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Kaneko ◽  
D. Mattheeuws ◽  
R. P. Rottiers ◽  
J. Van Der Stock ◽  
A. Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Urinary Glucose Excretion ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
K Value ◽  
Urinary Glucose ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Glucose Excretion

ABSTRACT The effect of urinary glucose excretion on the plasma glucose clearance and insulin response to varying sizes of glucose loads was studied in normal unanaesthesized dogs. Glucose loads ranging from 0.15 to 1.25 g/kg b.w. were infused intravenously in a standard time period of 30 seconds. Plasma glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations were determined during one-hour after infusion. All urine excreted during the one-hour was collected by a catheterization and bladder wash-out procedure. The urinary glucose excretion was expressed as the percent of the glucose load. The urinary glucose excretion varied directly with the size of the glucose load and ranged from minimal to 12 %. This would indicate that urinary losses play a considerable role proportionate to the degree of hyperglycaemia above the renal threshold. Thus, urinary loss of glucose must be recognized as an important factor influencing the plasma glucose clearance and hence the plasma IRI response. A glucose load of 0.5 g/kg b.w. given in 30 seconds with the k-value calculated between 15–45 min would minimize the influence of urinary loss and provide more accurate plasma clearance values.

scholarly journals Glycemic Effects of Honey Compared to Glucose Using Standard OGTT

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Lubna Naznin ◽  
Muhammad Rabiul Hossain ◽  
Debashish Saha ◽  
Sarmin Sultana ◽  
Mreenal Kanti Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Load State

Background: Honey, though rich in fructose and glucose, had been shown to have plasma glucose lowering effect. It may be as a result of insulin sensitization, enhanced insulin secretion and anti-oxidant activity.Objective: This study was designed to assess the glycemic effects of honey comparing to glucose.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Dhaka cantonment from September, 2015 to October, 2015 on 35 individuals who reported to AFIP for ‘Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)’. They were categorized to three groups based on OGTT ? Normal, Impaired glucose homeostasis (IGT or IFG), and Diabetes mellitus. On the subsequent day they were subjected to 52 mL honey load (equivalent to 75 gm by weight) to assess plasma glucose level after 1 hour and 2 hours posthoney load state. Student t-test was done to compare between means of plasma glucose level 1 hour after 75 gm glucose load and 1 hour after 75 gm honey load and also between means of plasma glucose level 2 hours after 75 gm glucose load and 2 hours after 75 gm honey load in the same individuals.Results: In all the three groups mean plasma glucose level in post-honey load state was found declined compared to post-glucose load state in both 1 hour and 2 hours specimens of HTT (Honey Tolerance Test) versus OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) and this reduction was statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study findings provide evidence that honey consumption causes less change in plasma glucose level than the equivalent quantity of oral glucose load regardless of status of glucose homeostasis. Further well designed researches are needed to determine the long term effects and beneficial quantity of honey, particularly in relation to diabetes mellitus.J Enam Med Col 2017; 7(2): 95-100

Effects of fish oil on metabolic responses to oral fructose and glucose loads in healthy humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E353-E362 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Delarue ◽  
C. Couet ◽  
R. Cohen ◽  
J. F. Brechot ◽  
J. M. Antoine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Healthy Humans

This study examines the effect of the substitution of 6 g/day of fish oil in a saturated diet on glucose and fructose metabolism in healthy humans. Five subjects were submitted to two 3-wk controlled-diet periods (polyunsaturated/saturated = 0.21). During one period, 6 g/day of fat used for dressing were replaced by 6 g/day of fish oil [1.1 g/day of 20:5 (n-3) fatty acids and 0.7 g/day of 22:6 (n-3) fatty acids]. At the end of each period the subjects ingested a 1 g/kg fructose or glucose load 2 days apart. Plasma glucose fluxes were traced with the use of deuterated glucose and [U-13C]glucose. Substrate oxidation was measured by indirect calorimetry. Fish oil induced a 4% increase in basal and postload glycemia and a 40% decrease in insulinemia, whereas plasma C-peptide remained unaffected. Glucose fluxes were unaffected by fish oil, but carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was reduced (fructose: 55.5 +/- 4.1 vs. 62.9 +/- 3.6 g/6 h; glucose: 36.7 +/- 4.7 vs. 50.5 +/- 4.7 g/6 h; all P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation was increased 35% by fish oil after both CHO loads. Nonoxidative glucose disposal was increased by fish oil (fructose: 9.4 +/- 2.5 vs. 2.9 +/- 1.1 g/6 h; glucose: 28.3 +/- 5.1 vs. 14.4 +/- 4.7 g/6 h; all P < 0.05). Fish oil could affect glucose transport and decrease CHO oxidation through the decrease in insulinemia and/or a specific effect on glycolytic pathway.

Metoprolol in Diabetes Mellitus: Effect on Glucose Homeostasis

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 469s-472s ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Garrett ◽  
P. Raskin ◽  
N. M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

1. In eight hypertensive diabetic subjects receiving hydrochlorothiazide, glucose homeostasis as measured by the changes in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon after an oral glucose load was not significantly affected by 8 weeks of therapy with metoprolol. 2. The combination of metoprolol plus hydrochlorothiazide significantly lowered blood pressure in all subjects. 3. Plasma renin activity was suppressed by therapy with metoprolol.

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