Insight into the microbial communities associated with first larval stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis: Possible interference by estrogenic compounds

Ichthyoplankton from an area in the Celtic Sea was studied to provide an insight into the fish larval community structure in March, May and June 1998. Three station groups were defined each month, Neritic, Transition and Oceanic. The Neritic assemblages included larval stages of coastal fish species and the Oceanic assemblages included mesopelagic and high-oceanic fish species which were not recorded from any of the Neritic stations. The Transition stations usually contained species characteristic of both the Neritic and Oceanic assemblages. It is suggested that these broad patterns of larval fish distributions are constant features of the Celtic Sea area, probably related to the spawning location of the adults. The area is, in general, species poor, with the Oceanic stations usually dominated by a single species, indicating the presence of a large spawning school of fish.

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Characterization of the main steps in first shell formation in Mytilus galloprovincialis : possible role of tyrosinase

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2019.2043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 286 (1916) ◽

pp. 20192043 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Miglioli ◽

R. Dumollard ◽

T. Balbi ◽

L. Besnardeau ◽

L. Canesi

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Organic Matrix ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Shell Formation ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Matrix Deposition ◽

Shell Matrix

Bivalve biomineralization is a highly complex and organized process, involving several molecular components identified in adults and larval stages. However, information is still scarce on the ontogeny of the organic matrix before calcification occurs. In this work, first shell formation was investigated in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis . The time course of organic matrix and CaCO 3 deposition were followed at close times post fertilization (24, 26, 29, 32, 48 h) by calcofluor and calcein staining, respectively. Both components showed an exponential trend in growth, with a delay between organic matrix and CaCO 3 deposition. mRNA levels of genes involved in matrix deposition (chitin synthase; tyrosinase- TYR) and calcification (carbonic anhydrase; extrapallial protein) were quantified by qPCR at 24 and 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) with respect to eggs. All transcripts were upregulated across early development, with TYR showing highest mRNA levels from 24 hpf. TYR transcripts were closely associated with matrix deposition as shown by in situ hybridization. The involvement of tyrosinase activity was supported by data obtained with the enzyme inhibitor N-phenylthiourea. Our results underline the pivotal role of shell matrix in driving first CaCO 3 deposition and the importance of tyrosinase in the formation of the first shell in M. galloprovincialis .

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Immune responses during the larval stages of Mytilus galloprovincialis: Metamorphosis alters immunocompetence, body shape and behavior

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.044 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 438-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Pablo Balseiro ◽

Rebeca Moreira ◽

Rubén Chamorro ◽

Antonio Figueras ◽

Beatriz Novoa

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Body Shape ◽

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

Larval Stages ◽

And Behavior

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Dynamics of the parasite Marteilia refringens (Paramyxea) in Mytilus galloprovincialis and zooplankton populations in Alfacs Bay (Catalonia, Spain)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182007003009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 134 (11) ◽

pp. 1541-1550 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

N. CARRASCO ◽

I. LÓPEZ-FLORES ◽

M. ALCARAZ ◽

M. D. FURONES ◽

F. C. J. BERTHE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

Zooplankton Community ◽

Infection Process ◽

Ostrea Edulis ◽

Decapod Crustaceans ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Experimental Transmission ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Delta De L'ebre ◽

Euterpina Acutifrons

SUMMARYSince the first description of Marteilia refringens (Paramyxea) in flat oysters Ostrea edulis in 1968 in the Aber Wrach, Brittany (France), the life-cycle of this parasite has remained unknown. However, recent studies, conducted in the ‘claire’ system, have proposed the planktonic copepod Acartia grani as a potential intermediate host for the parasite. Nevertheless, experimental transmission of the parasite through the copepod has failed. Recent studies in this field have reported the presence of the parasite in zooplankton from the bays of the Delta de l'Ebre, a more complex and natural estuarine environment than that of the claire. As a result, 2 new Marteilia host species were proposed: the copepods Oithona sp. (Cyclopoida) and an indeterminate Harpaticoida. Consequently, the objective of the present work was to study the dynamics of Marteilia in the zooplankton community from one of the bays, Alfacs Bay, as well as the dynamics of the parasite in cultivated mussels during 1 complete year. Six different zooplankton taxa appeared to be parasitized by M. refringens, including copepods (3 Calanoida, Acartia discaudata, A. clausi and A. italica; 1 Cyclopoida, Oithona sp.; and 1 Harpacticoida, Euterpina acutifrons), and larval stages of decapod crustaceans (zoea larvae of Brachyura, probably Portumnus sp.). These taxa are thus proposed as new subjects for study, since they could be intermediate hosts in the infection process of mussels by Marteilia.

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LivingNautilusEmbryos: Preliminary Observations

Science ◽

10.1126/science.232.4746.73 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 232 (4746) ◽

pp. 73-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

JOHN M. ARNOLD ◽

BRUCE A. CARLSON

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Molluscan Evolution ◽

Insight Into ◽

Circulatory Pattern

Nautilus, long recognized as the most primitive living cephalopod, provides insight into molluscan evolution. Despite many attempts, embryos have not been observed until now. This report details the surface morphology and extraembryonic circulatory pattern. It was found that development, as in other extant cephalopods, is direct, without larval stages. There appears to be no embryonic protoconch associated with shell ontogeny.

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Upper lethal temperatures for the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819), in central coast of Chile

Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research ◽

10.3856/vol43-issue3-fulltext-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 473-483

Author(s):

Andrés Mesas ◽

Eduardo Tarifeño

Keyword(s):

Geographic Distribution ◽

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

Temperature Limit ◽

Southern Chile ◽

Physiological Tolerance ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Lethal Temperatures ◽

Magellan Strait ◽

Mediterranean Mussel ◽

Physiological Background

The presence of Mytilus galloprovincialis, widely known as the Mediterranean mussel, have been genetically certified from Coliumo Bay to the Magellan Strait, in central and southern Chile, respectively. To correlate the geographic distribution of this species along the Chilean coast with its physiological tolerance to upper temperatures, experiments were carried out with adults and larval stages. Trochophore, umbonate veliger, and pre-metamorphic larvae were submitted to experimental temperatures from 17-33°C, during 24 h to determine the upper temperature limit. Meanwhile, adult experiments were carried with specimens having different previous physiological background: spring-summer acclimation (November-January), and fall-winter acclimation (August-October) and exposed to temperature range of 17-33°C for period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, to verify mortality and byssus formation. Results showed that at larvae stages, the 50% of mortality occurred at 27°C, with 100% mortality at 30°C. Adult stages reached the 55% mortality exposed for 48 h at 30°C and 100% mortality in 72 h at the same temperature. The byssus secretion become failing at 27°C and ceased at 30°C.

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Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model

10.21203/rs.2.12906/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Wanzhen Su ◽

Jialin Liu ◽

Peng Bai ◽

Baocang Ma ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Animal Health ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Disease Phenotype ◽

Genetic Complexity ◽

Survival And Development ◽

Host Genetic ◽

Anti Fungal ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Abstract Background Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophilamodel to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophilaas a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarumfunctioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarumhindered the growth of Diaporthe FYin vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FYto the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarumoverrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FYwas identified as a potential Drosophilapathogen. Commensal L. plantarummitigated the susceptibility of Drosophilato pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.

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Late Ediacaran organic microfossils from Finland

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756821000753 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Sebastian Willman ◽

Ben J. Slater

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Microbial Mats ◽

Trace Fossils ◽

Impact Structure ◽

Meteorite Impact ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Body Fossil ◽

New Evidence ◽

Insight Into ◽

Direct Body

Abstract Here we present a detailed accounting of organic microfossils from late Ediacaran sediments of Finland, from the island of Hailuoto (northwest Finnish coast), and the Saarijärvi meteorite impact structure (~170 km northeast of Hailuoto, mainland Finland). Fossils were recovered from fine-grained thermally immature mudstones and siltstones and are preserved in exquisite detail. The majority of recovered forms are sourced from filamentous prokaryotic and protistan-grade organisms forming interwoven microbial mats. Flattened Nostoc-ball-like masses of bundled Siphonophycus filaments are abundant, alongside Rugosoopsis and Palaeolyngbya of probable cyanobacterial origin. Acritarchs include Chuaria, Leiosphaeridia, Symplassosphaeridium and Synsphaeridium. Significantly, rare spine-shaped sclerites of bilaterian origin were recovered, providing new evidence for a nascent bilaterian fauna in the terminal Ediacaran. These findings offer a direct body-fossil insight into Ediacaran mat-forming microbial communities, and demonstrate that alongside trace fossils, detection of a bilaterian fauna prior to the Cambrian might also be sought among the emerging record of small carbonaceous fossils (SCFs).

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The Signal and the Noise: Characteristics of Antisense RNA in Complex Microbial Communities

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00587-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Yssing Michaelsen ◽

Jakob Brandt ◽

Caitlin Margaret Singleton ◽

Rasmus Hansen Kirkegaard ◽

Johanna Wiesinger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Antisense Rna ◽

Antisense Transcription ◽

Individual Species ◽

Data Sets ◽

Antisense Expression ◽

Noise Characteristics ◽

Starting Point ◽

Insight Into

ABSTRACT High-throughput sequencing has allowed unprecedented insight into the composition and function of complex microbial communities. With metatranscriptomics, it is possible to interrogate the transcriptomes of multiple organisms simultaneously to get an overview of the gene expression of the entire community. Studies have successfully used metatranscriptomics to identify and describe relationships between gene expression levels and community characteristics. However, metatranscriptomic data sets contain a rich suite of additional information that is just beginning to be explored. Here, we focus on antisense expression in metatranscriptomics, discuss the different computational strategies for handling it, and highlight the strengths but also potentially detrimental effects on downstream analysis and interpretation. We also analyzed the antisense transcriptomes of multiple genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from five different data sets and found high variability in the levels of antisense transcription for individual species, which were consistent across samples. Importantly, we challenged the conceptual framework that antisense transcription is primarily the product of transcriptional noise and found mixed support, suggesting that the total observed antisense RNA in complex communities arises from the combined effect of unknown biological and technical factors. Antisense transcription can be highly informative, including technical details about data quality and novel insight into the biology of complex microbial communities. IMPORTANCE This study systematically evaluated the global patterns of microbial antisense expression across various environments and provides a bird’s-eye view of general patterns observed across data sets, which can provide guidelines in our understanding of antisense expression as well as interpretation of metatranscriptomic data in general. This analysis highlights that in some environments, antisense expression from microbial communities can dominate over regular gene expression. We explored some potential drivers of antisense transcription, but more importantly, this study serves as a starting point, highlighting topics for future research and providing guidelines to include antisense expression in generic bioinformatic pipelines for metatranscriptomic data.

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