scholarly journals Covid 19 and the Turkish labor market: Heterogeneous effects across demographic groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altan Aldan ◽  
Muhammet Enes Çıraklı ◽  
Huzeyfe Torun
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects

scholarly journals The unequal impact of raising the retirement age: Employment response and program substitution

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Ardito
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pension Benefit ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects

Abstract Using high-frequency Italian administrative data, the author studies the heterogeneous effects of a reform raising the normal retirement age (NRA) from 60 years to 65 years for private-sector male employees. The analysis, based on a difference-in-differences (DD) method, shows that the NRA raise reduces pension benefit claims but does not lead to a one-to-one increase in the employment rate since workers also apply for more disability and unemployment benefits. Moreover, most of them simply retire without any benefit. The extent of the effects varies substantially across socio-economic groups, as individuals with poorer health, with lower occupational grades and lower pay levels are the most constrained by the reform, experiencing the highest delay in pension claims, increase in employment, and inactivity. All in all, this paper shows that raising the NRA could have unintended effects as it affects more negatively the most vulnerable in the labor market.

The Shift of Labor Market Risks in Deindustrializing Taiwan, Japan, and Korea

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Seung-yoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Risk Shifting ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Labor Market Transitions ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Sufficient Cause ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Market Transitions

AbstractThis paper has three objectives: i) to empirically examine labor market transitions in deindustrializing Asian economies; ii) to study the character of labor market risks and how these risks are shifting by gender, by education level, and by age in the transitional period; and iii) to rethink the commonly accepted assumptions that deindustrialization and globalization are the main causes of new labor market risks and, thus propose the possibility of institutional legacy as an important factor for such risk shifts. This study focuses on the labor market risks in the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan. Three steps are taken in this inquiry. First, this study commences by empirically examining the three labor market changes mentioned above. Second, it challenges the idea of the emergence of “new risks,” arguing instead for the concept of “risk shift”: the feature of risk shifting to different demographic groups. Lastly, with the empirical evidence already used, this paper discusses whether deindustrialization or globalization is a sufficient cause for risk shifts in deindustrializing Asian economies, proposing that institutional legacy may be an important factor in risk shift.

scholarly journals Labor Market Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (282) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ippei Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Markov Model ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
First Order ◽  
Labor Force Status ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Labor Market Dynamics

This paper proposes a hidden state Markov model (HMM) that incorporates workers’ unobserved labor market attachment into the analysis of labor market dynamics. Unlike previous literature, which typically assumes that a worker’s observed labor force status follows a first-order Markov process, the proposed HMM allows workers with the same labor force status to have different history-dependent transition probabilities. I show that the estimated HMM generates labor market transition probabilities that match those observed in the data, while the first-order Markov model (FOM) and its many-state extensions cannot. Even compared with the extended FOM, the HMM improves the fit of the empirical transition probabilities by a factor of 30. I apply the HMM to (1) calculate the long-run consequences of separation from stable employment, (2) study evolutions of employment stability across different demographic groups over the past several decades, (3) compare the dynamics of labor market flows during the Great Recession to those during the 1981 recession, and (4) highlight the importance of looking beyond distributions of current labor force status.

The effects of (different types of) immigrants on labor market outcomes of (different groups of) natives

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asali
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Complementarity Effect ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Native Workers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Israeli Arabs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of different types of immigrants on the labor market outcomes of different native groups. Design/methodology/approach The study uses a quasi-experimental approach, utilizing the border closures policy as well as political instability and economic conditions in the major countries of origin as exogenous sources of variation in the number of immigrants, to measure the effect of an immigrant-induced labor supply shock of each immigrant type (Palestinians and foreign guest workers) on the wage and employment of native workers (Israeli Arabs and Israeli Jews). Findings The effects of immigrants on local labor market outcomes vary with their origin. The different native groups, moreover, are affected differently by each type of immigrants. Specifically, a foreign-worker-induced increase in the labor supply negatively affects only the least-skilled Jewish workers. In contrast, a 10 percent Palestinian-induced increase in the labor supply increases the wage of Israeli Arabs by 3.4 percent, suggesting a net complementarity effect. Short-term slight employment adjustments occur at the intensive rather than the extensive margin. Originality/value The paper studies heterogeneous effects of immigrants by their type; also it studies heterogeneous effects experienced by different native groups. This paper informs the policy discussion about immigration and its effects on native workers.

Lasting Effects? Referrals and Career Mobility of Demographic Groups in Organizations

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Merluzzi ◽  
Adina Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Career Mobility ◽  
Racial Minorities ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Career Outcomes ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Regional Labor Market ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Black Employees

While prior research has suggested that network-based hiring in the form of referrals can lead to better career outcomes, few studies have tested whether such career advantages differ across demographic groups. Using archival data from a single organization for nearly 16,000 employees over an 11-year period, the authors examine the effect of hiring by referrals on the number of promotions employees receive and the differences in this effect across demographic groups. Drawing on theories of referral-based hiring, inequality, and career mobility, they argue that referral-based hiring provides unique promotion advantages for minorities compared to those hired without a referral. Consistent with this argument, they find that referrals are positively associated with promotions for one minority group, blacks, even after controlling for individual and regional labor market differences. The authors explore the possible mechanism for this finding, with initial evidence pointing to referrals providing a signal of quality for black employees. These results suggest refinement to prior research that attests that referral-based hiring disadvantages racial minorities.

scholarly journals How the Pandemic Has Reshaped Economic Inclusion in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mark E. Schweitzer ◽  
Emily Dohrman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
And Gender

The pandemic brought unusually large and novel changes to the US labor market. Some sectors lost half or nearly half of their employment; others moved their workforces to home settings. Some workers lost their jobs, some left their jobs temporarily, and some left the workforce altogether. These changes have affected different demographic groups differently. We investigate how the pandemic affected workers of different ages, racial or ethnic backgrounds, and gender and the degree to which these effects have persisted after a year of recovery.

On the heterogeneous effects of tax policy on labor market outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wifag Adnan ◽  
Kerim Peren Arin ◽  
Aysegul Corakci ◽  
Nicola Spagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects

Declining Worker Turnover: The Role of Short-Duration Employment Spells

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-300
Author(s):  
Michael J. Pries ◽  
Richard Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Worker Turnover ◽  
Noisy Signals ◽  
Search And Matching Model ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Quarterly Workforce Indicators

Using the Quarterly Workforce Indicators database, we document that a significant amount of the decline in labor market turnover during the last two decades is accounted for by the decline in employment spells that last just one or two quarters. This phenomenon is pervasive: short-term employment spells have declined across industries, firm size categories, demographic groups, and geographic regions. Using a search-and-matching model in the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides tradition that incorporates noisy signals about the quality of a worker-firm match, we argue that improved screening by workers and firms can account for much of the decline in short-lived employment spells. (JEL E24, J23, J41, J63, M51)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document