Arctic labor market: current state and development dynamics

Статья посвящена изучению рынка труда арктических районов Якутии, для которого характерны дискомфортные условия жизни и трудовой деятельности. Состояние регионального рынка труда определяется историческим аспектом развития производительных сил и производственных отношений, эта диспропорция является традиционной со времен СССР. Сегодня рынок труда подвержен негативному влиянию демографических тенденций, сложной эпидемиологической и экономической ситуацией в стране и, как следствие ростом напряженности на рынке труда. Рынок труда, как любая система, имеет свою структуру и изучение всех его компонентов необходимы для достижения социально-экономических задач государства. Цель исследования – проанализировать изменения на рынке труда арктических районов Якутии, выявить специфику, ключевые проблемы и ориентиры развития. Работа опирается на данные региональной и муниципальной статистики. Для решения поставленных задач использованы экономико-статистические методы анализа сложившихся тенденций на рынке труда, в том числе связанные с кризисными явлениями 2020 г. Объектом исследования выступают Анабарская, Приленская, Янская, Индигирская, Колымская группы арктических районов Якутии. Результаты анализа свидетельствуют о высокой роли миграции в формировании трудового потенциала арктических районов, снижением численности работников предприятий и ростом численности безработных. Автор считает, что проблемы рынка труда арктических районов выступают препятствием для устойчивого развития Арктической зоны Якутии. The article is devoted to the study of the labor market in the Arctic districts of Yakutia, which is characterized by uncomfortable living and working conditions. The state of the regional labor market is determined by the historical aspect of the development of productive forces and industrial relations; this disproportion has been traditional since the USSR. Today, the labor market is subject to the negative impact of demographic trends, the difficult epidemiological and economic situation in the country and, as a consequence, the growing tension in the labor market. The labor market, like any system, has its own structure and the study of all its components is necessary to achieve the socio-economic objectives of the state. The purpose of the study was to analyze changes in the labor market in the Arctic disctircts of Yakutia, to identify the specifics, key problems and development guidelines. The work was based on the data from regional and municipal statistics. To solve the tasks set, economic and statistical methods of analyzing the current trends in the labor market, including those related to the crisis phenomena of 2020, were used. The object of the study was the Anabar, Lena, Yana, Indigirska and Kolyma groups of the Arctic disctircts of Yakutia. The results of the analysis indicate a high role of migration in the formation of the labor potential of the Arctic districts, a decrease in the number of employees of enterprises and an increase in the number of unemployed people. The author believes that the problems of the Arctic labor market are an obstacle to the sustainable development of the Arctic zone of Yakutia.

Supervision Support of Practical Training of Social Work Specialists: Polish Experience

The article deals with the specifics of supervisory support for practical training of social workers in Poland. The international relevance of the research lies in the need to study the experience of implementing such support in the countries with relatively young democracies (post-Soviet republics). This experience can be useful for developing countries which strive to create their models of social supervision using the leading European experience. The article proves that supervisors, individually creating their professional roles in social care centers and non-governmental organizations, create the basis for a new professional environment - the environment of social work managers in Poland. According to the results of the research, the tendencies of supervisory support of the departments of social work on the practical training of social workers in Poland are traced: compliance with the pan-European orientation to the early special training of all social specialists; bilateral connection between the development of the scientific school of social work and the system of professional training; training of a social worker in church educational institutions; decentralization of vocational training management; rapid response of the system to changes in the social nature, the demands of the regional labor market. The article reveals the disadvantages of the Polish model of supervisory support, which has not yet adjusted to the final Western European trends and is on the path to development.

Trends in employment in the context of transformations of the economy of Russia's Far East

Subject. This article examines the changes in employment of the population of the Russian Far East since the early 1990s. Objectives. The article aims to identify the specifics of the processes that are taking place in the regional labor market, and assess the scale and direction of labor mobility. Methods. For the study, we used a statistical analysis. Results. The article describes the features of the transformation of employment of the population of the Russian Far East in the initial period of the formation of market relations and at the present stage of economic development. It shows structural shifts in the regional labor market and assesses the impact of the growth of investment activity on labor mobility. Conclusions. The territorial features of the region have led to the development of significant deviations in the functioning of the labor market and in the structure of employment.

Indicators of the need of disabled people for vocational rehabilitation activities

BACKGROUND: In the system of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of disabled people, the solution of issues of employment, socialization, improvement of the level and quality of their life becomes obviously relevant. AIMS: To study and analyze the needs of disabled people in vocational rehabilitation, including employment and the creation of special jobs, in a comparative aspect - in St. Petersburg and the Russian Federation. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The materials of the study were data from Rosstat of Russia, official state statistical reporting: Forms 7-sobes "Information on medical and social expertise of persons aged 18 and older" for 20152019. RESULTS: The article analyzes the indicators of primary disability and the needs of disabled people in vocational rehabilitation activities based on the study of the individual rehabilitation or habilitation program (IPRA) for disabled people in Saint Petersburg and the Russian Federation in dynamics over five years (20152019). An analysis of the needs for vocational rehabilitation measures, taking into account its structure in IPRA (vocational guidance and employment) and the disability group, was carried out. Since the greatest difficulties arise in the selection and organization of jobs for people with disabilities of groups I and II, the needs of people with disabilities in creating a special workplace have been studied. The necessity of solving organizational, methodological, and financial issues when creating special jobs for the disabled is emphasized. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the state program "Accessible environment" and its subprograms aimed at creating models of employment of disabled people in the regions of the Russian Federation requires taking into account the territorial characteristics of the prevalence of primary disability and the specifics of the regional labor market in the employment of disabled people.

Regional Labor Market in the Context of the Coronavirus Pandemic: Analysis of Current Trends (on the Example of the Tyumen Region)

The coronavirus pandemic, in which the entire world economy operates, has had a serious impact on all spheres of activity and in the national economy: production, distribution, exchange and consumption. Significant changes in the new conditions are observed in the regional labor markets. The decline in the turnover of enterprises in various sectors of the economy, the bankruptcy of the small business sector led to an increase in unemployment in the Tyumen region. At the same time, the active introduction of new technologies into business processes that provide a remote format of work has contributed to an increase in demand for specialists who support and service their use. In the labor market, the demand from enterprises for employees processing online orders, online purchases, delivering goods, etc. was steadily formed. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of statistical indicators, their generalization and systematization, the article provides an overview of current trends in the labor market of the region.

Research on Labor Market Institutional Environment and Labor Agglomeration—Analysis Based on Dynamic Spatial Panel Data

The institutional environment not only has a great impact on economic development but also has a certain impact on labor agglomeration. This paper explains the phenomenon of labor agglomeration from the perspective of the labor market institutional environment. Taking the labor market institutional environment including social contract environment and labor contract environment as the premise, it is considered that a good labor institutional market can promote labor agglomeration and technological progress can stimulate the agglomeration of highly-skilled talents through theoretical analysis. Based on the provincial panel data from 2001 to 2017, the empirical analysis is conducted to verify the relevant factors through the dynamic spatial Durbin model. The paper finally puts forward some policy suggestions to maintain a good institutional environment of the labor market, including that the local government should continue to improve the labor dispute settlement system, strengthen the protection of labor rights and interests, and enhance the institutional environment of the regional labor market.

Regional unemployment and state employment regulation

The purpose of the article is to study a unique and planned sphere of life of social and economic society in the regional labor market. As it also covers the market of workforce directly connected to production, the concepts unemployment and workplace safety are important. The loss of work means low quality of life and the instability of the economy for many people. Employment determines the content of important aspects of social development to meet the needs of people in the labor market. The article emphasizes that the main policy of the state in regulating the labor market is the implementation of an employment policy for the entire population that preserves the natural level of employment, does not allow the emergence of cyclical employment, the formation of a “flexible market” that quickly adapts to internal and external changes, allowing to maintain stability and management. This compared to the traditional market creates conditions for flexible employee management in conditions of incomplete working day, temporary employment, replacement. On this flexible market, every citizen, looking for work, is obliged to find a workplace that meets its requests. In the labor market, public policy goes in two directions. Active training and retraining in order to create new jobs, ensuring employment and deliverance from unemployment. This can include events implemented in the framework of programs in our country. Passive is support for unoccupied citizens by providing social benefits. The main methods applied by the state in providing regional employment include stimulating investment in the economy, depending on the specifics of each region, which is the main condition for creating new jobs.

Compliance of the Quality of Educational Services Provided by Vocational Education Institutions with the Labor Market Demand in Qualified Staff under Economic Crisis

The article aims to thoroughly study the compliance of the quality of educational services provided by vocational education institutions (hereinafter - VEIs) to the needs of the regional labor market in qualified staff and professional career development. The authors have tested the analysis system of professional success of vocational education graduates and developed technology for evaluating the effectiveness and quality of educational services provided by VEIs. By the above, the authors offer to organize activities of Advisory Committees and Professional Councils in the field as an innovative interaction form between vocational education institutions and employers in the professional educational environment.

The Strategy of Media Education Development of a Future Journalist as a Factor of Professionalism in the Digital Economy

The article examined one of the priority areas of social development — media education. The transition to a new technological system has caused major changes in media education. Digitalization processes influence the system of higher vocational education and highlight the fact that media education should be aimed at developing students' skills relevant to new digital environment. The originality of the research is the fact that media education is one of the factors that ensures that students are able to adjust to innovative economy of the Russian Federation. The study examined the regional demand for trained media literate professionals. The research proposed a model of media education for students majoring in journalism and a special educational program to develop professional competencies taking into account the media discourse in the region. The article discussed one of the components of the model of strategically oriented media education — the integrative course of additional vocational education. We found that graduates who participated in media education program not only improved their professional competencies defined by the government standard, but also acquired additional skills such as the ability to form media culture of the target audience. This kind of focus of educational efforts increased their competitiveness in the regional labor market. The proposed model of media education of future journalists, which integrates information and communication environment of the university in sync with current industry requirements; media technologies as part of the core subjects, and the advanced training program that focuses on the management of media literacy of the audience, has shown its effectiveness. Teaching methodology presented by the authors develops value and belief system that has ongoing professional media education at its core. It also fosters the development of mass media culture in digital environment.