Sugar-Sweetened Beverages are Associated with Increased Liver Stiffness and Steatosis Among Apparently Healthy Adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy W. Leung ◽  
Elliot B. Tapper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Should We Put a Thin Subsidy on the Policy Table in the Fight against Obesity?

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Lordan ◽  
John Quiggin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
President Obama ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Artificially Sweetened Beverages

The idea of using 'fat taxes’ to curb obesity rates has been raised by many. In particular, the idea of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has received considerable attention in the United States and has recently been discussed by President Obama. Rather less attention has been given to the alternative of 'thin subsidies’, that is, subsidies for the consumption of foods or beverages likely to be associated with reduced incidence of obesity. This commentary examines the case for a subsidy for artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) or 'diet soft drinks’. In this commentary, we outline the evidence on the relationship between health outcomes, most notably obesity, and the consumption of SSBs and ASBs. In the light of the evidence we consider the economic effects of taxing SSBs, and the way in which those effects would be modified by the adoption of the alternative 'thin subsidy’ based on subsidising ASBs.

scholarly journals Mass Media Campaign to Reduce Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in a Rural Area of the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 989-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Farley ◽  
Hayli S. Halper ◽  
Anne M. Carlin ◽  
Karen M. Emmerson ◽  
Kelly N. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Media Campaign ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages

scholarly journals Trends in Intake of Energy and Total Sugar from Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in the United States among Children and Adults, NHANES 2003–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette P. Marriott ◽  
Kelly J. Hunt ◽  
Angela M. Malek ◽  
Jill C. Newman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugar Intake ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Total Diet

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) increases total caloric intake, is linked to cardiometabolic outcomes as well as dental caries, and sugar in SSBs is associated with mortality and frailty among adults. We describe energy and total sugar intake trends among the United States (US) population from SSBs, soft drinks, other beverage groups, and the total diet based on the first 24-h recall data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003–2004 through 2015–2016). SSBs included soft drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, and fruit drinks, but excluded sports beverages with protein and sweetened teas/coffees. Among the total population (age ≥2 years: 57,026), energy intake from SSBs declined significantly from 183.9 ± 6.9 mean kcal/d (±SE) in 2003–2004 to 95.0 ± 3.5 in 2015–2016, while total sugar intake declined from 43.6 ± 1.7 mean g/d to 22.3 ± 0.8 (p-trend < 0.0001). Decreases were found for energy and total sugar intake, as well as percentage of energy and total sugar intake from SSBs, soft drinks, and all beverages for all age groups examined (≥2, 2–19, ≥20 years) (p-trend < 0.0001). From 2003 to 2016, energy and sugar intake from all beverages, SSBs, soft drinks, and the total diet decreased among the total population, children, and adults.

scholarly journals Weight Status and Dietary and Physical Activity Behavior Differences Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Children in the U.S.

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Beth Louisa Ellcessor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Hispanic Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The U.S

Background: Hispanic children have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in the United States.  Acculturation of Hispanics living in the U.S. affects dietary intake and physical activity, thus impacting weight status and health problems related to obesity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in overweight/obesity and dietary and physical activity behaviors between Hispanic and non-Hispanic children living in the United States.  Methods: Using the 2001-2002 Health Behaviors of School-Aged Children Questionnaire, 6th-10th grade student surveys (n=14,817) were analyzed to compare BMI, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and sugar-sweetened beverages, and levels of physical activity between Hispanic and non-Hispanic subjects. Independent t-test, Oneway ANOVA and Pearson’s Chi-Square provided statistical analysis for the descriptive and research variables. Results: Comparing Hispanic and non-Hispanic students, there was no difference in gender or age, but urbanicity, birth country, home language, and education of mother and father had significant differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic students (p<0.01).  The Hispanic sample had higher rates of overweight and obesity (p<0.001), consumed lower amounts of fruits (p<0.001) and vegetables (p<0.001), consumed higher amounts of sugar-sweetened beverages (p=0.001), and reported being less physically active (p<0.001) compared to non-Hispanic students.  Conclusion: As evidenced by the 2001-2002 HBSC survey, Hispanic children are consuming less fruits and vegetables and more sugar-sweetened beverages, and have lower rates of physical activity compared to non-Hispanic children.  This may be contributing to the higher rates of overweight and obesity found in this population.  These results could be used in the development of childhood obesity interventions involving Hispanic children.

scholarly journals Should We Tax Sugar-Sweetened Beverages? An Overview of Theory and Evidence

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunt Allcott ◽  
Benjamin B. Lockwood ◽  
Dmitry Taubinsky
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages are growing in popularity and have generated an active public debate. Are they a good idea? If so, how high should they be? Are such taxes regressive? People in the United States and some other countries consume remarkable quantities of sugar-sweetened beverages, and the evidence suggests that this generates significant health costs. Building on recent work, we review the basic economic principles that determine the socially optimal sugar-sweetened beverage tax. The optimal tax depends on (1) externalities, or uninternalized health system costs from diseases caused by sugary drink consumption; (2) internalities, or costs consumers impose on themselves by consuming too many sugary drinks due to poor nutrition knowledge and/or lack of self-control; and (3) regressivity, or how much the financial burden and the internality benefits from the tax fall on the poor. We summarize the empirical evidence about the key parameters that determine how large the tax should be. Our calculations suggest that sugar-sweetened beverage taxes are welfare enhancing and indeed that the optimal sugar-sweetened beverage tax rate may be higher than the 1 cent per ounce rate most commonly used in US cities. We end with seven concrete suggestions for policymakers considering a sugar-sweetened beverage tax.

scholarly journals Who is Replacing Sugar-Sweetened Beverages with Plain Water? Analyses of NHANES 2011–16 Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 557-557
Author(s):  
Colin Rehm ◽  
Matthieu Maillot ◽  
Florent Vieux ◽  
Pamela Barrios ◽  
Adam Drewnowski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract Objectives In the United States, replacing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) with plain drinking water is recommended via by numerous public health agencies and non-governmental organizations. While declines in SSB consumption in the US are well-documented, it is not clear if consumers are replacing SSBs with other beverages, namely plain drinking water. Methods Beverage consumption data for 7453 children (4–18y) and 15,263 adults (≥19y) came from two 24 h dietary recalls in three most recent cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011–2016). Consumption trends for water intakes (in mL/d) from SSBs and from drinking water were analyzed by gender, age group, family income, and race/ethnicity. Results Mean water intakes from SSBs declined from 322 mL/d to 262 mL/d (p-trend = 0.002) on average, whereas plain drinking water increased from 1011 mL/d to 1144 mL/d (p-trend = 0.0108). Statistically significant reductions in SSBs were observed only among men (-18%), younger participants (-26% in 4–8, -22% in 9–13, -33% in 14–19 and -30% in 20–30), those with lower incomes (family income-to-poverty ratio &lt; 2.0), non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic black participants (p-trend &lt; 0.05 for each). Within these population sub-groups, only non-Hispanic white participants, those with a family income to poverty ratio of 1–1.99, but not &lt; 1.0, and children aged &lt; 14y had a corresponding increase in plain water consumption. When examining types of water, non-Hispanic white participants replaced SSBs with tap water as opposed to bottled water, and the lower income group replaced SSBs with bottled water, as opposed to tap water. Conclusions The expected replacement of SSBs with plain drinking water was not uniformly observed across socio-demographic group. Only non-Hispanic Whites and lower income groups replaced SSB with water, whereas teenagers (14–19y) and non-Hispanic black participants did not. Understanding how and if specific population sub-groups are replacing a declining food/beverage category with another category has important population health implications. Funding Sources Analyses of publicly available federal NHANES databases were sponsored by PepsiCo Inc. and conducted by MS-Nutrition. The views expressed in this abstract are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo, Inc.

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