Polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT in swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and blue shark (Prionace glauca) from Brazilian coast

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. S48-S53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Eduardo de Azevedo e Silva ◽  
Antonio Azeredo ◽  
José Lailson-Brito ◽  
João Paulo Machado Torres ◽  
Olaf Malm
1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamandú H. Marín ◽  
Federico Brum ◽  
Luis C. Barea ◽  
Julio F. Chocca

This paper describes the composition of the harvest by species of two vessels operating with two different pelagic longline systems aimed at swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Four zones were surveyed in the Uruguayan EEZ and international waters in the south-western Atlantic. Data were collected by observers on board who recorded the number of individuals in each of the species caught. In all, 50 species were caught, of which 15 were cartilaginous fish, 27 were teleosts and eight were ‘non- fish’ species (birds, mammals and turtles). The most abundant species were blue shark (Prionace glauca) (43%), swordfish (27%) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) (9%). The abundances of blue shark and of swordfish differed significantly between the two rigging systems and among the four zones. The catch was classified into three marketing groups: primary marketing (swordfish and high-price tuna), secondary marketing (non-target species but marketable) and discards (with no commercial value). In terms of numbers, the first two groups represented between 91% and 72% of the species collected. This percentage may vary if the catch is analysed by weight, as only part of the carcass and shark fins are used. Resumen. Se describe la composición por especies de la captura de dos buques que operaron con dos sistemas diferentes de palangre pelágico dirijido a la extracción de pez espada (Xiphias gladius). Se relevaron quatros áreas que abarcaron la ZEE uruguaya y aguas internacionales en el O. Atlántico. Los datos fueron colectados a bordo por observadores, registrando la captura en número de la totalidad de las especies. Se contabilizó un total de 50 especies capturadas, de las cuales 15 corresponden a peces cartilaginosos, 27 a peces óseos y 8 a ‘non-pisces’ (aves, mamíferos y quelonios). Las especies más representadas fueron el tiburón azul (Prionace glauca) (43%), seguida por pez espada (27%) y albacora (Thunnus alalunga) (9,0%). La presencia de tiburón azul y pez espada mostró diferencias significativas comparando los dos sistemas de construcción del palangre y las zonas. Se clasificó la captura en tres grupos de comercialización: comercialización primaria (pez espada y atunes de elevado valor), comercialización secundaria (especies diferentes de la objetivo pero comercializables), y decarte (sin valor comercial). Las dos primeras acumularon entre el 91% y 72% de las piezas capturadas. Este porcentaje puede variar si se analiza la captura en peso, ya que de los tiburones se aprovechan las aletas y solamente parte de las carcasas.


2007 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasco Branco ◽  
Carlos Vale ◽  
João Canário ◽  
Miguel Neves dos Santos

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodoro Vaske Júnior ◽  
Rosangela Paula Lessa ◽  
Otto Bismarck Fazzano Gadig

Stomachs from 222 blue sharks collected along the Brazilian coast were analyzed - 116 from the northeastern region and 106 from the southern region. A total of 51 prey taxa were identified. The most important prey items in the southern region were Mysticeti whales, teleosteans, the gempylid Ruvettus pretiosus and the nomeid Arioma bondi. Cephalopods were more diverse, with dominance of vertical migrants Histioteuthis spp., Cranchiidae and the epipelagic octopus Ocythoe tuberculata. In the northeastern region, blue sharks consumed mainly teleosteans, including the alepisaurid Alepisaurus ferox and the gempylid Gempylus serpens. Among cephalopods, Histioteuthis spp. and the epipelagic octopus Tremoctopus violaceus were the dominant items. Predation upon schooling prey was occasional, as observed on Arioma bondi. Birds also were consumed in both regions; Puffinus gravis was the fifth most frequent item in the northeastern region. During the reproductive migration cycle, blue sharks likely prey in the thermocline, which is deeper in the northeastern region and closer to the surface in the southern region.


2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PENADÉS-SUAY ◽  
J. TOMÁS ◽  
F. J. AZNAR

In September, 2016, an adult female blue shark (Prionace glauca) 247 cm long stranded alive on the coast of Valencia (Spain, Western Mediterranean) but died shortly afterwards. The necropsy revealed ongoing pregnancy, with 65 embryos in early stage of development, and a healthy condition with no signs of starvation. Two fishing hooks surrounded by scarred tissue were detected in the mandible, indicating past interaction with fisheries. In addition, a fragment of the tip of a swordfish (Xiphias gladius) rostrum (length: 18 cm long, width: 0.5 cm (distal) and 3 cm (proximal)) was removed from the animal. The fragment had pierced the head producing an incision of 3.5 cm close to the left eye, crossing the head anterior to the pre-orbital process. No apparent damage was observed in the olfactory capsule or the eye, but the fragment had penetrated both sides of the skull causing extensive lesions in the brain, which were inferred to be the cause of death. Allometric analysis suggested that the swordfish was ca. 110 cm long, corresponding to a juvenile 1-2 yrs old. Swordfish had previously been reported driving their rostrum into pelagic sharks, allegedly as a defensive strategy. However, this is the first report of impalement as the direct cause of death in blue sharks.


2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Rabehagasoa ◽  
A Lorrain ◽  
P Bach ◽  
M Potier ◽  
S Jaquemet ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Y Fujinami ◽  
K Shiozaki ◽  
Y Hiraoka ◽  
Y Semba ◽  
S Ohshimo ◽  
...  

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Benz ◽  
Kevin S. Dupre

Five blue sharks (Prionace glauca) were examined for gill-infesting copepods. Three species of siphonostomatoid copepods were collected: Gangliopus pyriformis, Phyllothyreus cornutus, and Kroyeria carchariaeglauci. The spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was analyzed. The number of K. carchariaeglauci per shark was positively related to gill surface area and host size. Copepods were unevenly distributed amongst hemibranchs; flanking hemibranchs could be arranged into three statistically homogeneous groups. Female K. carchariaeglauci typically attached themselves within the middle 40% of each hemibranch; males were more evenly dispersed. Eighty percent of all K. carchariaeglauci attached themselves to secondary lamellae, the remainder were in the underlying excurrent water channels. Most K. carchariaeglauci were located between 10 and 25 mm along the lengths of gill filaments. Overall, the spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was quite specific in all study planes. Explanation of this distribution is set forth in terms of natural selection pressures; however, the equally plausible explanation that the distribution pattern exhibited by these copepods is phylogenetically determined and may have little to do with contemporary selective constraints should not be ignored.


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