A simple dermal absorption model: Derivation and application

Chemosphere ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1440-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wil ten Berge
Keyword(s):  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Absorption Model ◽  
Model Derivation

Development of a Cumulative Dermal Absorption Model by Linkage to a PBPK Model for Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S246-S247
Author(s):  
P Beamer ◽  
H Shi ◽  
A Ferguson ◽  
J Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Pbpk Model ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Absorption Model

A Dermal Absorption Model Validated By Linkage to a PBPK Model For Chloroform

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S246
Author(s):  
H Shi ◽  
A C. Ferguson ◽  
P Beamer ◽  
J O. Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Pbpk Model ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Absorption Model

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of an In Silico Dermal Absorption Model Relevant for Children

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Yejin Esther Yun ◽  
Daniella Calderon-Nieva ◽  
Abdullah Hamadeh ◽  
Andrea N. Edginton
Keyword(s):  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Absorption Model ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Age Dependent

The higher skin surface area to body weight ratio in children and the prematurity of skin in neonates may lead to higher chemical exposure as compared to adults. The objectives of this study were: (i) to provide a comprehensive review of the age-dependent anatomical and physiological changes in pediatric skin, and (ii) to construct and evaluate an age-dependent pediatric dermal absorption model. A comprehensive review was conducted to gather data quantifying the differences in the anatomy and physiology of child and adult skin. Maturation functions were developed for model parameters that were found to be age-dependent. A pediatric dermal absorption model was constructed by updating a MoBi implementation of the Dancik et al. 2013 skin permeation model with these maturation functions. Using a workflow for adult-to-child model extrapolation, the predictive performance of the model was evaluated by comparing its predicted rates of flux of diamorphine, phenobarbital and buprenorphine against experimental observations using neonatal skin. For diamorphine and phenobarbital, the model provided reasonable predictions. The ratios of predicted:observed flux in neonates for diamorphine ranged from 0.55 to 1.40. For phenobarbital, the ratios ranged from 0.93 to 1.26. For buprenorphine, the model showed acceptable predictive performance. Overall, the physiologically based pediatric dermal absorption model demonstrated satisfactory prediction accuracy. The prediction of dermal absorption in neonates using a model-based approach will be useful for both drug development and human health risk assessment.

Fault Verification Simulation for Light-Emission Microscopy and Liquid-Crystal Analysis

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kuji ◽  
T. Takeda ◽  
S. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Komine
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Logic Model ◽  
Spice Simulation ◽  
Logic Models ◽  
Model Derivation ◽  
Emission Microscopy ◽  
Derivation Method ◽  
Fault Verification

Abstract A new logic-model derivation method for leak faults observed by light-emission microscopy (LEM) or in liquid-crystal analysis (LCA) has been developed to verify those faults by comparing them with failures observed on an LSI tester. Since CMOS devices display various kinds of faulty behavior depending on leak resistance, it is essential to include the effects of this resistance in logic models. Considering that the resistance of leaks observed in LEM and LCA ranges from 10 to 10,000 ohm, the new logic models have been derived so that the leak fault could be easily incorporated into logic simulators without SPICE simulation. The feasibility of the proposed method has been demonstrated by using it to diagnose LEM and LCA faults causing logic failure in a 20k-gate logic LSI circuit.

Soil and Vegetation Pollution from an Abandoned Mining Area Situated in Hunedoara County, Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Dinu ◽  
Eleonora Mihaela Ungureanu ◽  
Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽  
Lidia Kim ◽  
Ioana Ionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mine Waste ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Dermal Absorption ◽  
Abandoned Mines ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
Vegetation Samples ◽  
Nickel Lead

The soils situated near the abandoned mines are highly polluted with metals due to the discharge and dispersion of mine waste into nearby air, water (surface and groundwater) and soil. Heavy metals may be transferred to humans through ingestion, inhalation or dermal absorption and can produce serious health problems affect the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, hematopoietic function and cellular metabolism. This paper investigates the presence of metallic elements from fourteen soil samples (seven sampling points) and thirty-six vegetation samples (different types of leaves, plants, roots and tree barks). The samples were collected from six different sites located in an abandoned mining area and from a point (blank sample) located 5 km in the SV direction of the quarry. The results obtained for soil samples show an overrun of the alert and / or intervention threshold for the following metals: arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc. The analytical investigation for vegetation samples indicated that concentration for calcium, magnesium, cadmium, chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc were situated over the normal range in some samples. The analytical investigations were performed by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The study�s conclusion indicates that, as result of soil acidic pH and high mobility of some metals, metallic elements migrate from soil to vegetation.

scholarly journals Indirect light absorption model for highly strained silicon infrared sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 055105
Author(s):  
Nicolas Roisin ◽  
Guillaume Brunin ◽  
Gian-Marco Rignanese ◽  
Denis Flandre ◽  
Jean-Pierre Raskin
Keyword(s):  
Light Absorption ◽  
Strained Silicon ◽  
Absorption Model ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Highly Strained

scholarly journals A new variational approach for the thermodynamic topology optimization of hyperelastic structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Junker ◽  
Daniel Balzani
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Variational Approach ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Extremal Principles ◽  
Model Derivation ◽  
Numerical Discretization ◽  
Total Structure

AbstractWe present a novel approach to topology optimization based on thermodynamic extremal principles. This approach comprises three advantages: (1) it is valid for arbitrary hyperelastic material formulations while avoiding artificial procedures that were necessary in our previous approaches for topology optimization based on thermodynamic principles; (2) the important constraints of bounded relative density and total structure volume are fulfilled analytically which simplifies the numerical implementation significantly; (3) it possesses a mathematical structure that allows for a variety of numerical procedures to solve the problem of topology optimization without distinct optimization routines. We present a detailed model derivation including the chosen numerical discretization and show the validity of the approach by simulating two boundary value problems with large deformations.

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