Chlorination of bisphenol A: Non-targeted screening for the identification of transformation products and assessment of estrogenicity in generated water

AbstractA wide range of micropollutants can be monitored with non-targeted screening; however, the quantification of the newly discovered compounds is challenging. Transformation products (TPs) are especially problematic because analytical standards are rarely available. Here, we compared three quantification approaches for non-target compounds that do not require the availability of analytical standards. The comparison is based on a unique set of concentration data for 341 compounds, mainly pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and their TPs in 31 groundwater samples from Switzerland. The best accuracy was observed with the predicted ionization efficiency-based quantification, the mean error of concentration prediction for the groundwater samples was a factor of 1.8, and all of the 74 micropollutants detected in the groundwater were quantified with an error less than a factor of 10. The quantification of TPs with the parent compounds had significantly lower accuracy (mean error of a factor of 3.8) and could only be applied to a fraction of the detected compounds, while the mean performance (mean error of a factor of 3.2) of the closest eluting standard approach was similar to the parent compound approach.

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Oxidation of bisphenol A by a boron-doped diamond electrode in different water matrices: transformation products and inorganic by-products

International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13762-016-1087-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2539-2548 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Rajab ◽

C. Heim ◽

T. Letzel ◽

J. E. Drewes ◽

B. Helmreich

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Boron Doped Diamond ◽

Diamond Electrode ◽

Boron Doped ◽

Boron Doped Diamond Electrode ◽

By Products

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Occurrence and fate of bisphenol A transformation products, bisphenol A monomethyl ether and bisphenol A dimethyl ether, in wastewater treatment plants and surface water

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.06.022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 357 ◽

pp. 401-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Muhammad Ashfaq ◽

Qian Sun ◽

Han Zhang ◽

Yan Li ◽

Yuwen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Dimethyl Ether ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Monomethyl Ether

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A Comprehensive Assessment of Catalytic Performances of Mn2O3 Nanoparticles for Peroxymonosulfate Activation during Bisphenol A Degradation

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11080993 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 993

Author(s):

Li Chen ◽

Wanyi Fu ◽

Congyu Hou ◽

Yulong Yang ◽

Xihui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Tap Water ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Radical Oxidation ◽

Toc Removal ◽

Secondary Effluents ◽

Mn2o3 Nanoparticles ◽

Catalytic Performances

Catalytic performances of Mn2O3 nanoparticles for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation in bisphenol A (BPA) degradation were comprehensively investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that 10 mg/L BPA could be 100% degraded within 20 min with the dosages of 0.2 g/L Mn2O3 and 0.1 mM PMS. Moreover, Mn2O3 showed remarkable activity in activation of PMS and excellent adaptability in various real water matrices, including river water, tap water and secondary effluents. Based on the radical detection and scavenging experiments, it was found that both radical and non-radical oxidation contributed to the degradation of BPA and 1O2 was the dominant species in the degradation compared to •OH, SO4•− and O2•−. A total of 15 transformation products were identified by LC/MS-MS during BPA degradation in the Mn2O3/PMS system, and degradation pathways via three routes are proposed. Compared with lab-made catalysts reported in the literature, the Mn2O3 catalyst demonstrated its superiority in terms of its high TOC removal, low PMS consumption and fast degradation rate for BPA.

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Granular bainite or granular ferrite? A preliminary TEM investigation of an HSLA-100 steel

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100087239 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 584-585

Author(s):

R. Varughese ◽

S. W. Thompson ◽

P. R. Howell

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Transformation Products ◽

Accurate Description ◽

Granular Bainite ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

The Past ◽

Light Micrograph ◽

Multiphase Reaction ◽

Detailed Nature

Ever since Habraken and Economopoulos first employed the term granular bainite to classify certain unconventional transformation products in continuously cooled steels, the term has been widely accepted and used, despite the lack of a clear consensus as to the detailed nature of the transformation products which constitute granular bainite. This paper presents the preliminary results of a TEM investigation of an 0.04 wt% C, copper-containing steel (designated HSLA-100). It is suggested that the term granular ferrite rather than granular bainite is a more accurate description of this multiphase reaction product.Figure 1 is a light micrograph of a sample which had been air-cooled from 900°C to room temperature. The microstructure is typical of that which has been termed granular bainite in the past and appears to consist of equiaxed ferritic grains together with other minor transformation products. In order to examine these structures in more detail, both continuously cooled and isothermally transformed and quenched materials have been examined with TEM. Granular bainite has been found in virtually all samples.

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Probing the Chemistry and Spectroscopy of Radiation-Sensitive Polymers by Parallel-Detection EELS

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010013376x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 34-35

Author(s):

E. G. Rightor ◽

G. P. Young

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Energy Loss ◽

Parallel Detection ◽

Commercial Grade ◽

Incident Electron Beam ◽

Ptfe Sample ◽

Spectroscopic Information ◽

Edge Features ◽

Electron Energy Loss

Investigation of neat polymers by TEM is often thwarted by their sensitivity to the incident electron beam, which also limits the usefulness of chemical and spectroscopic information available by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for these materials. However, parallel-detection EELS systems allow reduced radiation damage, due to their far greater efficiency, thereby promoting their use to obtain this information for polymers. This is evident in qualitative identification of beam sensitive components in polymer blends and detailed investigations of near-edge features of homopolymers.Spectra were obtained for a poly(bisphenol-A carbonate) (BPAC) blend containing poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) using a parallel-EELS and a serial-EELS (Gatan 666, 607) for comparison. A series of homopolymers was also examined using parallel-EELS on a JEOL 2000FX TEM employing a LaB6 filament at 100 kV. Pure homopolymers were obtained from Scientific Polymer Products. The PTFE sample was commercial grade. Polymers were microtomed on a Reichert-Jung Ultracut E and placed on holey carbon grids.

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