Differential inflammatory and toxic effects in-vitro of wood smoke and traffic-related particulate matter from Sydney, Australia

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenously produced signaling molecule involved in the control of a vast array of physiological processes. One of the strategies to administer therapeutic amounts of CO is the precise spatial and temporal control over its release from photoactivatable CO-releasing molecules (photoCORMs). Here we present the synthesis and photophysical and photochemical properties of a small library of meso-carboxy BODIPY derivatives bearing different substituents at positions 2 and 6. We show that the nature of substituents has a major impact on both their photophysics and the efficiency of CO photorelease. CO was found to be efficiently released from π-extended 2,6-arylethynyl BODIPY derivatives possessing absorption spectra shifted to a more biologically desirable wavelength range. Selected photoCORMs were subjected to in vitro experiments that did not reveal any serious toxic effects, suggesting their potential for further biological research.

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Effects of ambient particulate matter on a reconstructed human corneal epithelium model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82971-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ryota Ko ◽

Masahiko Hayashi ◽

Miho Tanaka ◽

Tomoaki Okuda ◽

Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Corneal Epithelium ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ambient Particulate Matter ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Human Corneal Epithelium ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Dose Dependent

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the corneal epithelium using a reconstructed human corneal epithelium (HCE) model. We collected two PM size fractions [aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.4 µm: PM0.3–2.4 and larger than 2.4 µm: PM>2.4] and exposed these tissues to PM concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined, and haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were performed on tissue sections. In addition, the effects of a certified reference material of urban aerosols (UA; 100 µg/mL) were also examined as a reference. The viability of cells exposed to 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4 decreased to 76.2% ± 7.4 and 75.4% ± 16.1, respectively, whereas PM0.3–2.4 exposure had a limited effect on cell viability. These particles did not increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly even though cell viability was decreased in 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4. ZO-1 expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Reconstructed HCE could be used as an in vitro model to study the effects of environmental PM exposure on ocular surface cell viability and inflammation.

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Fucoxanthin-rich fraction from Sargassum fusiformis alleviates particulate matter-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo

Toxicology Reports ◽

10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 349-358

Author(s):

Yu-Lin Dai ◽

Yun-Fei Jiang ◽

Yu-An Lu ◽

Jiang-Bo Yu ◽

Min-Cheol Kang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter

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Corrigendum to ‘Inflammatory and tumorigenic effects of environmental pollutants found in particulate matter on lung epithelial cells’ [Toxicol In Vitro 59 (2019) 300–311]

Toxicology in Vitro ◽

10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105093 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105093

Author(s):

İsa Taş ◽

Rui Zhou ◽

So-Yeon Park ◽

Yi Yang ◽

Chathurika D.B. Gamage ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Epithelial Cells ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Lung Epithelial Cells ◽

Lung Epithelial

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Instructions for Participants in the Multicentre Evaluation Study of in Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC)

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119298801500305 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 191-193

Author(s):

Inger Bondesson ◽

Björn Ekwall ◽

Kjell Stenberg ◽

Lennart Romert ◽

Erik Walum

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Study ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Toxic Effects

A programme for a multicentre evaluation study of in vitro cytotoxicity (MEIC) has been proposed. The programme represents an attempt to evaluate the correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity and both lethal and sublethal toxic effects in man. Instructions for laboratories wishing to participate are given.

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Comparative Toxic Effects of Manufactured Nanoparticles and Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Human Lung Epithelial Cells

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Yun Wu ◽

Mei Wang ◽

Shaojuan Luo ◽

Yunfeng Gu ◽

Dongyang Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Human Lung ◽

A549 Cells ◽

Lung Epithelial Cells ◽

Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Atmospheric Particulate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lung Epithelial

Although nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as simplified atmospheric particulate matter (PM) models, little experimental evidence is available to support such simulations. In this study, we comparatively assessed the toxic effects of PM and typical NPs (four carbonaceous NPs with different morphologies, metal NPs of Fe, Al, and Ti, as well as SiO2 NPs) on human lung epithelial A549 cells. The EC50 value of PM evaluated by cell viability assay was 148.7 μg/mL, closest to that of SiO2 NPs, between the values of carbonaceous NPs and metal NPs. All particles caused varying degrees of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) suppression. TiO2 NPs showed similar performance with PM in inducing ROS production (p < 0.05). Small variations between two carbonaceous NPs (graphene oxides and graphenes) and PM were also observed at 50 μg/mL. Similarly, there was no significant difference in ATP inhibition between carbonaceous NPs and PM, while markedly different effects were caused by SiO2 NP and TiO2 NP exposure. Our results indicated that carbonaceous NPs could be served as potential surrogates for urban PM. The identification of PM model may help us further explore the specific roles and mechanisms of various components in PM.

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