Economic and economic-statistical designs of the side sensitive group runs chart

Infant’s feeding patterns are important for development and growth; therefore babies are very sensitive to toxic elements, mainly through their food, so in the present study, the concentrations and daily intake of some Toxic Elements (TEs); Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Aluminum (Al) were measured in different and random 60 dried infant foods {30 infant formula (0-6 months) and 30 milk-cereal based infant formula (6 months)} which obtained from various supermarkets and pharmacies. The analysis was done using Inductive Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). It could be determined the lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum by mean values of 0.424±0.006, 0.205±0.003, 0.014±0.0001, 0.298±0.007and 0.464±0.029 mg/Kg in the examined infant milk formula samples and a ranged minimum to maximum concentrations of 0.114-0.177, 0.155-0.293, 0.014-0.015, 0.282-0.310 and 0.287-0.437 mg/kg, respectively in the examined milk-cereal based infant formula. Present study indicates that, the greater level of contamination of examined infant formula samples with toxic elements (lead and mercury) surpasses the maximum limit and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of these elements. Mercury is over PTDI (0.0005 mg/kg bw/day) in all milk-cereal based infant formula samples, also arsenic in all examined samples of this type of formula was exceed the maximum limit (0.05 mg/kg) of Indian standard. This investigation shows such types of infant formula need more amendment to set limit of more toxic metals for this sensitive group of population.

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Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0359 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 327-333

Author(s):

Y. Matsui ◽

F. Yamaguchi ◽

Y. Suwa ◽

Y. Urushigawa

Keyword(s):

Growth Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Continuous Mode ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Batch Mode ◽

The Given ◽

Operational Modes ◽

Very High ◽

Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

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Genomics and breeding innovations for enhancing genetic gain for climate resilience and nutrition traits

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-021-03847-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pallavi Sinha ◽

Vikas K. Singh ◽

Abhishek Bohra ◽

Arvind Kumar ◽

Jochen C. Reif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Methods ◽

Genetic Gain ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Climate Resilience ◽

Heritability Estimation ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Statistical Designs ◽

Novel Alleles

Abstract Key message Integrating genomics technologies and breeding methods to tweak core parameters of the breeder’s equation could accelerate delivery of climate-resilient and nutrient rich crops for future food security. Abstract Accelerating genetic gain in crop improvement programs with respect to climate resilience and nutrition traits, and the realization of the improved gain in farmers’ fields require integration of several approaches. This article focuses on innovative approaches to address core components of the breeder’s equation. A prerequisite to enhancing genetic variance (σ2g) is the identification or creation of favorable alleles/haplotypes and their deployment for improving key traits. Novel alleles for new and existing target traits need to be accessed and added to the breeding population while maintaining genetic diversity. Selection intensity (i) in the breeding program can be improved by testing a larger population size, enabled by the statistical designs with minimal replications and high-throughput phenotyping. Selection priorities and criteria to select appropriate portion of the population too assume an important role. The most important component of breeder′s equation is heritability (h2). Heritability estimates depend on several factors including the size and the type of population and the statistical methods. The present article starts with a brief discussion on the potential ways to enhance σ2g in the population. We highlight statistical methods and experimental designs that could improve trait heritability estimation. We also offer a perspective on reducing the breeding cycle time (t), which could be achieved through the selection of appropriate parents, optimizing the breeding scheme, rapid fixation of target alleles, and combining speed breeding with breeding programs to optimize trials for release. Finally, we summarize knowledge from multiple disciplines for enhancing genetic gains for climate resilience and nutritional traits.

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Efficacy of Monitoring Platelet Function by an Automated PL-12 Analyzer During the Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction With Antiplatelet Medicine

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/10760296211001119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 107602962110011

Author(s):

Cen Yue ◽

Zhiwei Lin ◽

Congxia Lu ◽

Hanshui Chen

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Drug Efficacy ◽

Antiplatelet Drug ◽

Clinical Prognosis ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Drop Method ◽

Technical Issues ◽

Method R ◽

Sensitive Group

Numerous methods can be used to investigate the function of platelets; however, technical issues limit tends to limit the applicability of such methods in the clinic. Methods: All participants were administered with oral aspirin (100 mg/d) for 7 days. Blood samples were then collected and platelet function evaluated by an automated PL-12 analyzer, TEG, and the platelet count drop method. We found that platelet counts determined by the traditional platelet drop method were significantly lower in the PL-12 sensitive group and significantly higher in the PL-12 insensitive group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MAR measured by PL-12 was positively correlated with the MA values determined by TEG and the platelet drop method (r = 0.322, r = 0.036, respectively, P < 0.05), More importantly, the PL-12 analyzer showed the largest AUC (0.748) with a sensitivity of 87.4% and a specificity of 57.4%, indicating PL-12 analyzer using in platelet aggregation evaluation of ACI patients more credibly and accuracy. Additionally, genetic analysis showed that the polymorphic of A-allele in the PEAR1 (rs12041331) gene was significantly increased in the PL-12 sensitive group rather than in the PL-12 insensitive group (P < 0.05), suggesting the predictive value of PL-12 analyzer for the prognosis of ACI patients was superior to the other methods tested herein. Our analyses demonstrate that PL-12 analysis offer a new superior technology for monitoring antiplatelet drug efficacy and for clinical prognosis of ACI patients, which has the advantages of simplicity, speed, and automation in platelet aggregation measurement.

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