Economic and economic‐statistical designs of the side sensitive group runs chart with auxiliary information

Abstract. Given a consistent interest in comparing achievement across sub-populations in international assessments such as TIMSS, PIRLS, and PISA, it is critical that sub-population achievement is estimated reliably and with sufficient precision. As such, we systematically examine the limitations to current estimation methods used by these programs. Using a simulation study along with empirical results from the 2007 cycle of TIMSS, we show that a combination of missing and misclassified data in the conditioning model induces biases in sub-population achievement estimates, the magnitude and degree to which can be readily explained by data quality. Importantly, estimated biases in sub-population achievement are limited to the conditioning variable with poor-quality data while other sub-population achievement estimates are unaffected. Findings are generally in line with theory on missing and error-prone covariates. The current research adds to a small body of literature that has noted some of the limitations to sub-population estimation.

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GENERALISED SYNTHETIC ESTIMATOR USING DOUBLE SAMPLING SCHEME AND AUXILIARY INFORMATION

Mathematical Journal of Interdisciplinary Sciences ◽

10.15415/mjis.2015.41002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Shashi Bahl ◽

Sangeeta .

Keyword(s):

Auxiliary Information ◽

Sampling Scheme ◽

Double Sampling

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Toxic Elements in Dried Milk and Evaluation of their Dietary Intake in Infant Formula

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.37422/ijvs/20.070 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Infant Formula ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Milk Formula ◽

Tolerable Daily Intake ◽

Mean Values ◽

Infant Foods ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Maximum Limit ◽

Sensitive Group

Infant’s feeding patterns are important for development and growth; therefore babies are very sensitive to toxic elements, mainly through their food, so in the present study, the concentrations and daily intake of some Toxic Elements (TEs); Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg) and Aluminum (Al) were measured in different and random 60 dried infant foods {30 infant formula (0-6 months) and 30 milk-cereal based infant formula (6 months)} which obtained from various supermarkets and pharmacies. The analysis was done using Inductive Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). It could be determined the lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and aluminum by mean values of 0.424±0.006, 0.205±0.003, 0.014±0.0001, 0.298±0.007and 0.464±0.029 mg/Kg in the examined infant milk formula samples and a ranged minimum to maximum concentrations of 0.114-0.177, 0.155-0.293, 0.014-0.015, 0.282-0.310 and 0.287-0.437 mg/kg, respectively in the examined milk-cereal based infant formula. Present study indicates that, the greater level of contamination of examined infant formula samples with toxic elements (lead and mercury) surpasses the maximum limit and Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) of these elements. Mercury is over PTDI (0.0005 mg/kg bw/day) in all milk-cereal based infant formula samples, also arsenic in all examined samples of this type of formula was exceed the maximum limit (0.05 mg/kg) of Indian standard. This investigation shows such types of infant formula need more amendment to set limit of more toxic metals for this sensitive group of population.

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Growth Characteristics of Activated Sludges Acclimated to para-Nitrophenol in Batch and Continuous Modes

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0359 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 327-333

Author(s):

Y. Matsui ◽

F. Yamaguchi ◽

Y. Suwa ◽

Y. Urushigawa

Keyword(s):

Growth Characteristics ◽

The Other ◽

Operational Mode ◽

Continuous Mode ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Batch Mode ◽

The Given ◽

Operational Modes ◽

Very High ◽

Sensitive Group

Activated sludges were acclimated to p-nitrophenol (PNP) in two operational modes, a batch and a continuous. The operational mode of the PNP acclimation of activated sludges strongly affected the physiological characteristics of predominant microorganisms responsible for PNP degradation. Predominant PNP degraders in the sludge in batch mode (Sludge B) had lower PNP affinity and were relatively insensitive to PNP concentration. Those of the sludge in continuous mode (Sludge C), on the other hand, had very high PNP affinity and were sensitive to PNP. MPN enumeration of PNP degraders in sludge B and C using media with different PNP concentrations (0.05, 0.2,0.5 and 2.0 mM) supported the above results. Medium with 0.2 mM of PNP did not recover PNP degraders in sludge C well, while it recovered PNP degraders in sludge B as well as the medium with 0.05 mM did. When switching from one operational mode to the other, the predominant population in sludge B shifted to the sensitive group, but that of sludge C did not shift at the given loading of PNP, showing relative resistance to inhibitive concentration.

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Privacy-preserving Collaborative Training for Medical Image Analysis Based on Multi-Blockchain

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666201022110616 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Wanlu Zhang ◽

Qigang Wang ◽

Mei Li

Keyword(s):

Medical Image ◽

Data Privacy ◽

Medical Image Analysis ◽

Auxiliary Information ◽

Training Process ◽

Private Data ◽

Medical Institutions ◽

Model Training ◽

Collaborative Training ◽

Similar Task

Background: As artificial intelligence and big data analysis develop rapidly, data privacy, especially patient medical data privacy, is getting more and more attention. Objective: To strengthen the protection of private data while ensuring the model training process, this article introduces a multi-Blockchain-based decentralized collaborative machine learning training method for medical image analysis. In this way, researchers from different medical institutions are able to collaborate to train models without exchanging sensitive patient data. Method: Partial parameter update method is applied to prevent indirect privacy leakage during model propagation. With the peer-to-peer communication in the multi-Blockchain system, a machine learning task can leverage auxiliary information from another similar task in another Blockchain. In addition, after the collaborative training process, personalized models of different medical institutions will be trained. Results: The experimental results show that our method achieves similar performance with the centralized model-training method by collecting data sets of all participants and prevents private data leakage at the same time. Transferring auxiliary information from similar task on another Blockchain has also been proven to effectively accelerate model convergence and improve model accuracy, especially in the scenario of absence of data. Personalization training process further improves model performance. Conclusion: Our approach can effectively help researchers from different organizations to achieve collaborative training without disclosing their private data.

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A Survey of Network Embedding for Drug Analysis and Prediction

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721666200702145701 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Zhixian Liu ◽

Qingfeng Chen ◽

Wei Lan ◽

Jiahai Liang ◽

Yiping Pheobe Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Protein Function ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Auxiliary Information ◽

Matrix Decomposition ◽

Drug Analysis ◽

Machine Learning Algorithms ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Network Embedding ◽

Similarity Estimation

: Traditional network-based computational methods have shown good results in drug analysis and prediction. However, these methods are time consuming and lack universality, and it is difficult to exploit the auxiliary information of nodes and edges. Network embedding provides a promising way for alleviating the above problems by transforming network into a low-dimensional space while preserving network structure and auxiliary information. This thus facilitates the application of machine learning algorithms for subsequent processing. Network embedding has been introduced into drug analysis and prediction in the last few years, and has shown superior performance over traditional methods. However, there is no systematic review of this issue. This article offers a comprehensive survey of the primary network embedding methods and their applications in drug analysis and prediction. The network embedding technologies applied in homogeneous network and heterogeneous network are investigated and compared, including matrix decomposition, random walk, and deep learning. Especially, the Graph neural network (GNN) methods in deep learning are highlighted. Further, the applications of network embedding in drug similarity estimation, drug-target interaction prediction, adverse drug reactions prediction, protein function and therapeutic peptides prediction are discussed. Several future potential research directions are also discussed.

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A simulated annealing-based algorithm for selecting balanced samples

Computational Statistics ◽

10.1007/s00180-021-01113-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto Benedetti ◽

Maria Michela Dickson ◽

Giuseppe Espa ◽

Francesco Pantalone ◽

Federica Piersimoni

Keyword(s):

Simulated Annealing ◽

Optimization Problem ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Auxiliary Information ◽

Real Data ◽

Simulation Experiments ◽

Balanced Sampling ◽

Inclusion Probabilities ◽

Random Method ◽

Annealing Algorithms

AbstractBalanced sampling is a random method for sample selection, the use of which is preferable when auxiliary information is available for all units of a population. However, implementing balanced sampling can be a challenging task, and this is due in part to the computational efforts required and the necessity to respect balancing constraints and inclusion probabilities. In the present paper, a new algorithm for selecting balanced samples is proposed. This method is inspired by simulated annealing algorithms, as a balanced sample selection can be interpreted as an optimization problem. A set of simulation experiments and an example using real data shows the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed algorithm.

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