Laboratory detection of macro-aspartate aminotransferase: Case report and evaluation of the PEG-precipitation method

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 691-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Patteet ◽  
Marc Simoens ◽  
Marian Piqueur ◽  
Annick Wauters
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Peg Precipitation Method

scholarly journals An optimized and robust PEG precipitation method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 785 ◽  
pp. 147270
Author(s):  
Sylvia A. Sapula ◽  
Jonathan J. Whittall ◽  
Aaron J. Pandopulos ◽  
Cobus Gerber ◽  
Henrietta Venter
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Peg Precipitation Method

scholarly journals Severe Rhabdomyolysis Associated with Acute Amphetamine Toxicosis in a Dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Smith ◽  
Virginie A. Wurlod
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Amphetamine Toxicity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Urine Drug Screening

A 3-year-old female spayed rat terrier presented for hyperactivity and repetitive circling to the right of less than one-hour duration. On examination, the patient was dehydrated, hyperactive, and dysphoric. Laboratory tests initially revealed elevations in creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Serial chemistries indicated significant progression of CK elevation to a maximum of 181,900 U/L on day 3 along with the development of profuse myoglobinuria. A urine drug screening test was positive for amphetamine metabolites. This patient was treated with sedatives, aggressive fluid diuresis, and antioxidants. The dog recovered uneventfully with no indicators of renal dysfunction based on serial blood chemistries and was discharged five days after presentation. Follow-up blood chemistries taken four days after discharge revealed near normalization of CK and resolution of myoglobinuria. This case report describes a particularly severe case of rhabdomyolysis associated with amphetamine toxicity and its successful treatment.

scholarly journals Extraction and quality evaluation of exosomes from joint effusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmin Ruan ◽  
Yueshan Yin ◽  
Pu Chen ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Xiaozhe Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Granule Surface ◽  
Peg Precipitation Method

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the quality and efficiency of exosomes extracted from knee joint effusion by different methods, laying a foundation for further research on exosomes from knee joint effusion. Methods:To separate and extract joint exosomes by 8% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method, ultracentrifugation method (UC) and ultrafiltration with exclusion chromatography (SECF). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracing technology (NTA) were used to detect particle morphology and particle size, and Western Blot (WB) was used to detect marker proteins of granule surface (CD9, CD63, Flotillin-1 and calnexin).Results: Three methods separated vesicle-like round particles from joint effusion successfully. The results of TEM show that the particles obtained by the three extraction methods are round or oval vesicles, the plasma membrane is intact, the size is different, and the diameter is distributed between 30 and 150 nm. Compared with SECF group, PEG group had more background particle impurities. and the broken vesicle fragments can be seen in the UC group; The results of NTA show that the main peaks of the three groups of particles are between 100-120nm, and the particle concentration is greater than 1×1010/ml; The results of WB show that the protein expressions of CD9, CD63 and Flotillin-1 in the suspension extracted by the three methods were higher, the expression of calnexin protein in the PEG group was higher than the UC group and SECF group.Conclusion: The three extraction methods can extract the exosomes of joint effusion successfully. The quality of exosomes obtained by the SECF method is relatively high, while the PEG precipitation method contains a small amount of impurity particles. UC method does not guarantee the integrity of exosomes. In summary, we recommend the SECF method to extract and isolate joint effusion exudates-derived exosomes when further studying the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis.

scholarly journals Macroprolactinemia: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Pathogenic Significance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Shimatsu ◽  
Naoki Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Middle Age ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Rat Pituitary ◽  
Peg Precipitation Method

Macroprolactinemia is characterized by a large molecular mass of PRL (macroprolactin) as the main molecular form of PRL in sera, the frequent elevation of serum PRL (hyperprolactinemia), and the lack of symptoms. Macroprolactin is largely a complex of PRL with immunoglobulin G (IgG), especially anti-PRL autoantibodies. The prevalence of macroprolactinemia is 10–25% in patients with hyperprolactinemia and 3.7% in general population. There is no gender difference and a long-term followup demonstrates that macroprolactinemia develops before middle age and is likely a chronic condition. Polyethylene-glycol- (PEG-) precipitation method is widely used for screening macroprolactinemia, and gel filtration chromatography, protein A/G column, andI125-PRL binding studies are performed to confirm and clarify its nature. The cross-reactivity of macroprolactin varies widely according to the immunoassay systems. The epitope on PRL molecule recognized by the autoantibodies is located close to the binding site for PRL receptors, which may explain that macroprolactin has a lower biological activity. Hyperprolactinemia frequently seen in macroprolactinemic patients is due to the delayed clearance of autoantibody-bound PRL. When rats are immunized with rat pituitary PRL, anti-PRL autoantibodies are produced and hyperprolactinemia develops, mimicking macroprolactinemia in humans. Screening of macroprolactinemia is important for the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia to avoid unnecessary examinations and treatments.

Comparison of Some Recent Methods for the Differentiation of Elevated Serum Amylase and the Detection of Macroamylasaemia

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Van Deun ◽  
Christa Cobbaert ◽  
Angeline Van Orshoven ◽  
Georges Claeys ◽  
Willy Lissens
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Agarose Electrophoresis ◽  
Pancreatic Isoamylase ◽  
Peg Precipitation Method ◽  
A Minor

A pancreatic isoamylase method (Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase EPS, Boehringer) that uses monoclonal antibodies showed almost complete immunoinhibition of salivary (S) amylase activity with only a minor decrease of pancreatic (P) amylase activity. The method displayed good sensitivity and linearity. The correlations of P-amylase activities determined by this technique with a wheat-germ inhibition method and with agarose electrophoresis followed by densitometric scanning were excellent. However, both the wheat-germ and monoclonal inhibition methods failed to detect macroamylasaemia. To recognise macroamylases we used the PEG precipitation method and confirmed the results with agarose electrophoresis. Of 161 serum samples with elevated amylase activities, only four out of five with macroamylasaemia were detected by the PEG precipitation method. No false positives were demonstrated. After PEG precipitation of 28 samples, P-amylase determinations were performed on the supernatants. Again, four out of five with macroamylasaemia were recognised. We consider P-amylase measurement and, when macroamylasaemia is suspected, the combined use of the PEG precipitation method and P-amylase or total amylase determination to be the most practical way to differentiate between elevated serum amylase levels.

Macro-aspartate aminotransferase (AST): a case report / Makro aspartat aminotransferaz (AST): Bir olgu takdimi

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ümmügülsüm Can ◽  
Ersin Sayar ◽  
Muhittin A. Serdar
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

AbstractAspartate aminotransferase (AST) macroenzyme leads to an increase in AST without the presence of any disease. In present report, an isolated increase of AST was detected in a 6-year old girl following the investigations prior to tonsillectomy. As to her history, physical examination and other laboratory test results, no abnormal findings were detected. AST levels were measured as 591 IU/L and 585 IU/L after repeated tests. While found as <5.4 IU/L (recovery <0.8%, reference interval 42.0-82.2%) after polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, AST was determined as 561 IU/L (recovery 95.4%) as a result of the assessment performed with non-specific human antimouse antibodies (HAMA). No diseases were encountered in the patient, and reason for the increase of AST was considered to be macroAST. Because continuously increased enzyme value may lead to various invasive and expensive diagnostic tests, macroAST should be taken into account in the evaluation process.

scholarly journals Determining the Frequency of Macroamylasemia in Patients with Hyperamylasemia using PEG Precipitation Method

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Vahedi ◽  
Bahareh Mehramouz ◽  
Parham Maroufi ◽  
Tannaz Pourlak ◽  
Razak Rezvanpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Peg Precipitation Method

scholarly journals Extraction And Quality Evaluation of Exosomes From Joint Effusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anmin Ruan ◽  
Pu Chen ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Xiaozhe Zhang ◽  
Yufeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Joint Effusion ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marker Proteins ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography ◽  
Peg Precipitation Method

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the quality and efficiency of exosomes extracted from knee joint effusion by different methods, laying a foundation for further research on exosomes from knee joint effusion. Methods: Separate and extract joint exosomes by 8% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation method, ultracentrifugation method (UC) and ultrafiltration with exclusion chromatography (SECF). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracing technology (NTA) were used to detect particle morphology and particle size, and Western Blot (WB) was used to detect granule protein surface marker proteins (CD9, CD63, Flotillin-1 and calnexin).Results: All three methods successfully separated vesicle-like round particles from joint effusion. TEM results show that the particles obtained by the three extraction methods are round or oval vesicles, the plasma membrane is intact, the size is different, and the diameter is distributed between 30 and 150 nm. Compared with SECF group, PEG group had more background particle impurities. and the broken vesicle fragments can be seen in the UC group; NTA results show that the main peaks of the three groups of particles are between 100-120nm, and the particle concentration is greater than 1×1010/ml; WB results show that the expressions of CD9, CD63 and Flotillin-1 protein in the suspension extracted by the three methods were all higher, the expression of calnexin protein was higher in the PEG group than the UC group and SECF group.Conclusion: The three extraction methods can successfully extract the exosomes of joint effusion. The quality of exosomes obtained by the SECF method is relatively high, while the PEG precipitation method contains a small amount of impurity particles. UC method does not guarantee the integrity of exosomes. In summary, when further studying the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis, we recommend the SECF method to extract and isolate joint exudates.

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