serum amylase
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2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034-1039
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang Wang ◽  
Lan Yu ◽  
Xing Xiong ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Bo Men

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are capable of multipolar differentiation and repairing injured tissues. Herein, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by how BMSCs modulate the apoptotic pathway in the acute pancreatitis (AP). In this study, primary BMSCs were cultured and administrated into 10 AP mice while 10 healthy mice were taken as a blank group and 10 AP mice as a control group. The mouse pancreatic tissues were assessed by HE staining and evaluated by pancreatitis score and serum amylase detection. Level of inflammatory factors CRP and TNF-α was measured by ELISA and PIPK1, PIPK3, MLKL and Caspase-8 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The pancreatitis score (7.29±1.36) and the serum amylase score of (453.66±103.67) mu/ml of BMSCs group was significantly higher than that of control group, indicating increased tissue repair after BMSCs treatment. BMSCs group exhibited a higher level of CRP (711.01±115.31) and TNF-α (132.81±22.13) in serum compared to control group (p < 0.05). PIPK1, PIPK3, and MLKL expression in BMSCs group decreased (p < 0.05) whereas Caspase-8 was increased (p < 0.05). On the other hand, BMSCs group presented upregulated PIPK1, PIPK3, and MLKL (p < 0.05) and downregulated Caspase-8 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, BMSCs regulate cell apoptosis by upregulating Caspase-8 expression, and downregulating PIPK1, PIPK3 and MLKL level, thereby alleviating the inflammation in AP.


2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Gazor ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Niknezhad ◽  
Fatemeh Yousefbeyk ◽  
Monireh Aghajany-Nasab ◽  
...  

Background: The antioxidant defense in the pancreas is low because they are exposed to toxic substances daily. This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorating effect of Viola odorata flowers Extract (VOE) on the pancreas histology and function in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into five groups, consisting of controls; STZ; and STZ plus various doses of VOE (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg). The amylase, lipase, insulin and total antioxidant capacity levels were measured in the sera. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance was also measured. The histopathological alterations of the rats’ pancreases were examined microscopically. Results: The serum amylase and total antioxidant activities were reduced in diabetic rats (P=0.001). Varying doses of VOE reduced the serum amylase and glucose levels, and increased the total antioxidant activities compared to that of the diabetic rats (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the serum lipase and insulin levels among the groups. Treatment with VOE at all doses significantly lowered the insulin resistance compared to that of the diabetic group (P=0.001). Significant reductions were observed in the areas of the pancreatic Langerhans islets and the number of beta cells in the STZ group (P=0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that VOE ameliorated the adverse effects induced by STZ in the rat’s pancreas in the short-term. These effects are likely to be due to the reduced insulin resistance and amylase activity, and increased total antioxidant activity along with the histopathological alterations in the pancreas.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
Hwa Yeon Yi ◽  
Jang Young Lee

Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) is a common tree found on roads and parks. The shape of the fruit is very similar to that of the edible Korean chestnut (Castanea crenata); thus, people can eat it by mistake. However, reports of the side effects and toxicity from ingestion are very rare. A 46-year-old male who had no unusual findings in the past had eaten horse chestnut seed which he had mistaken to be Korean chestnut. He visited the emergency department (ED) with complaints of epigastric pain, nausea, and sweating. Blood tests showed a slight increase in the levels of liver enzymes, serum amylase, and pancreatic amylase. During the monitoring, he complained of palpitations, and electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation. On the following day after conservative treatment, blood testing and electrocardiogram showed normal findings. He was discharged from the ED as he did not complain of any further symptoms. When a patient who has eaten horse chestnut visits the ED, blood examination and electrocardiogram monitoring are needed, and conservative treatment is required.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Palash Kumar Biswas ◽  
Partha Sarathi Sarker ◽  
Md Monjurul Kader Chowdhury ◽  
Muntasir Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Kashfia Shawki ◽  
...  

Background: Organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning is an important clinical problem in the developing world and kills an estimated 3,00,000 people every year. In spite of high case fatality rate early and proper management is crucial to save the lives and alleviate the sufferings. Amylase level is an important biochemical marker, which is closely related to severity of acute OPC poisoning. Therefore, to assess Serum amylase level in acute organophosphorus compound poisoning in a tertiary level hospital was the objective of the study. Methods: This research was a hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study and was conducted at the inpatient department of Medicine in Dhaka Medical College. 50 Patient admitted in medicine department due to OPC poisoning and evidenced by history taking and physical examination were included in the study. Ethical issues were ensured properly. After written informed consent history and physical examination were done. Rest of the data were collected by interviewing each patient or from attendant of the patient by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Scoring of the severity were done by researcher himself by Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale (Score range 0 to 11). Values of amylase level were collected from patient record file. All the Data was analysed by computer with the help of SPSS 16. Results: Out of a total of 50 patients, 24 (48%) were males and 26 (52%) were females. OPC poisoning was most frequent (52%) in age group 21-30 years. Mean age was 23.96 ± 6.071 SD. 96% (48) study population were Muslim and rest 4 % (2) were Hindus with diverse occupation. 86% population came from rural area whereas only 14% population reside in urban area. Among them suicidal attempts were seen significantly which was 96% and rest of them were accidental ingestion. Amylase level estimation were done in each case and 32 % (16) patient had elevated amylase level (>100U/L) and 68% (34) patient had amylase level within normal limit. Mean amylase concentration was 62.2U/L (SD±18.77) and among the 16 patients who had elevated serum amylase level mean concentration was 376.56U/L (SD±266.124). Mean amylase level differed significantly between these two groups (p value < 0.0001) estimated by one way ANOVA. Spearman Correlation and One way ANOVA both showed significant association between severity (assessed by POP scale) and elevated level of serum amylase (p value <0.0001). Outcome analysis showed that 47 patients recovered and 3 patients died. Their mean hospital stay was 3.87 (±1.76) days and relationship between serum amylase level and duration of hospital stay and was found to be significant in chi-square analysis (p value- <0.0001). Conclusion: Hyperamylasaemia in OPC poisoning can be used an important biomarker to assess the severity of the patient which may guide the clinicians for further management. J MEDICINE 2021; 22: 119-126


2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Joy Thomas ◽  
Smrthi Mitra ◽  
Paul Vulliamy ◽  
Dixon Osilli ◽  
Samrat Mukherjee

Abstract Background Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process affecting the pancreas with variable involvement of local tissues and remote organs and may sometimes progress into necrosis of the pancreas. Diagnosis is usually made based on the clinical presentation of abdominal pain alongside a positive biochemical result of either serum amylase or lipase levels. Current guidelines by International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) state that early use of computed tomography (CT) is only indicated in patients who have no definite diagnosis, and should be delayed to at least 96 hours after the onset of the symptoms to evaluate complications. We aimed to assess the over-utilization of CT scans in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Methods We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with confirmed acute pancreatitis who presented to a single NHS trust between March and April 2021. We included patients with at least two out of the three findings: (1) an acute abdominal pain, (2) elevated serum amylase levels of more than three times the normal range and (3) acute pancreatitis as evidenced on abdominal imaging. We defined inappropriate CT scans as those performed within 96 hours in the presence of both clinical and biochemical diagnostic criteria. Results A total of 53 patients met the inclusion criteria and were admitted with acute pancreatitis during this 2-month period at our trust. 54.7% (29/53) of this cohort had at least one CT scan performed during the index admission. 28.3% (15/53) of the admitted patients had an early CT scan performed in the presence of positive biochemical and clinical diagnostic criteria. This represents 51.7% of the total number of CT scans performed in the study group. Conclusions We found evidence of excessive use of CT scans in the early phase of acute pancreatitis for diagnostic purposes. Limiting the overuse of CT scans in the diagnosis of the same will not just reduce the financial burden of the hospital and trust, but also limit the avoidable exposure of patients to radiation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2974-2978
Author(s):  
Noman Ullah Wazir ◽  
Jehanzeb Khan ◽  
Zilli Huma ◽  
Farooq Khan ◽  
Nighat Ara ◽  
...  

Aim: To evaluate the effects of alcohol on the microscopic morphology of the exocrine pancreas and blood serum amylase and to explored that if vitamin E has a protective role against alcohol-induced damage in the pancreas of rabbits. Study design: Analytical experimental study Place and duration of study: Departments of Anatomy, Pathology and Pharmacology in Peshawar Medical College Pakistan from 1st January 2019 to 30th June 2019. Methodology: Eighteen healthy adult male domestic rabbits weighing 1-1.5 kg were chosen (oryctolaguscuniculus). The control group A received proper food and normal saline as drinking water, experimental group B received proper diet and 30 percent ethanol solution (30ml/kg/day) orally daily with normal saline, and experimental group C received proper diet, 30 percent ethanol solution (30ml/kg/day), vitamin E (50mg/kg/day) orally daily with normal saline. Each rabbit's blood was taken for serum amylase. Morphology of acinar cells included: 1) number of cells, (10 acini/field, 2) size of acini, 3) size of acinar cells, and 4) size of acinar nuclei. Results: Normal value of serum amylase in rabbits was found. The difference in serum amylase levels between the control and experimental groups for both E4 and E8 animals was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the number of pancreatic acinar cells, size of pancreatic acini, the pancreatic acinar cell size, and pancreatic acinar cells nuclear size in the control and experimental groups for both E4 and E8 animals. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption had no influence on the histomorphology of the rabbits' pancreatic acini in a short period (4-8 weeks). No significant variation was noted in the pancreatic acinar cells count & size, pancreatic acinar cells nuclear count and size, and pancreatic acini size. Therefore, protective role of vitamin E was not usefully identified. Keywords: Alcohol, Pancreas, Histomorphology, Vitamin E, Serum amylase


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2168-2173
Author(s):  
Cong Zhang ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Min Zhang

Our study assess whether exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) ameliorates diabetic salivary gland complications. 10 SD rats were assigned into diabetes group I and exosome treatment group II. Diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and injected with DMSO or exosomes through tail vein followed by collection of submandibular salivary gland samples for histological analysis and TGFβ, Smad2 and Smad3 level by PCR, saliva IgA and serum amylase level. Compared with control mice, exosome treatment mice showed less fibrosis of the submandibular salivary glands and duct components with a more complete structure. Exosome treatment inhibited TGFβ, Smad2 and Smad3 level to reduce diabetic salivary gland complications, effectively decreased blood sugar level, improved salivary glands function with significantly reduced serum amylase and salivary IgA levels. In conclusion, BM-MSC-derived exosomes may be a new therapeutic strategy for treating diabetic salivary gland complications.


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