Influence of running shoe type on distribution and magnitude of plantar pressures among those with pes planus or pes cavus feet

Context: Pes planus is a prevalent chronic condition that causes foot pain, disability, and impaired plantar load distribution. Short-foot exercises are often recommended to strengthen intrinsic foot muscles and to prevent excessive decrease of medial longitudinal arch height. Objective: To investigate the effects of short-foot exercises on navicular drop, foot posture, pain, disability, and plantar pressures in pes planus. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 41 participants with pes planus were assigned to the short-foot exercises group (n = 21) or the control group (n = 20). Intervention: Both groups were informed about pes planus, usual foot care, and appropriate footwear. Short-foot exercises group performed the exercises daily for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, foot pain, disability, and plantar pressures were assessed at the baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. Results: Navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, pain, and disability scores were significantly decreased; maximum plantar force of midfoot was significantly increased in short-foot exercises group over 6 weeks (P < .05). No significant differences were determined between the baseline and the sixth week outcomes in control group (P > .05). Conclusions: Six-week short-foot exercises provided a reduction in navicular drop, foot pronation, foot pain, and disability and increment in plantar force of medial midfoot in pes planus.

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Plantar pressure relief in pes cavus and pes planus: smart passive gait retraining using deformable insoles

Footwear Science ◽

10.1080/19424280.2019.1606060 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (sup1) ◽

pp. S28-S29

Author(s):

Fatemeh Farhadi ◽

Shane Johnson

Keyword(s):

Plantar Pressure ◽

Gait Retraining ◽

Pressure Relief ◽

Pes Cavus ◽

Pes Planus

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Metatarsal Shape and Foot Type: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4035077 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Scott Telfer ◽

Matthew W. Kindig ◽

Bruce J. Sangeorzan ◽

William R. Ledoux

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Procrustes Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pes Cavus ◽

Pes Planus ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Metatarsal Bones ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Planus and cavus foot types have been associated with an increased risk of pain and disability. Improving our understanding of the geometric differences between bones in different foot types may provide insights into injury risk profiles and have implications for the design of musculoskeletal and finite-element models. In this study, we performed a geometric morphometric analysis on the geometry of metatarsal bones from 65 feet, segmented from computed tomography (CT) scans. These were categorized into four foot types: pes cavus, neutrally aligned, asymptomatic pes planus, and symptomatic pes planus. Generalized procrustes analysis (GPA) followed by permutation tests was used to determine significant shape differences associated with foot type and sex, and principal component analysis was used to find the modes of variation for each metatarsal. Significant shape differences were found between foot types for all the metatarsals (p < 0.01), most notably in the case of the second metatarsal which showed significant pairwise differences across all the foot types. Analysis of the principal components of variation showed pes cavus bones to have reduced cross-sectional areas in the sagittal and frontal planes. The first (p = 0.02) and fourth metatarsals (p = 0.003) were found to have significant sex-based differences, with first metatarsals from females shown to have reduced width, and fourth metatarsals from females shown to have reduced frontal and sagittal plane cross-sectional areas. Overall, these findings suggest that metatarsal bones have distinct morphological characteristics that are associated with foot type and sex, with implications for our understanding of anatomy and numerical modeling of the foot.

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Paediatric flat foot and foot dimension in Central Anatolia

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02645-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Serap Alsancak ◽

Senem Guner ◽

Enver Güven ◽

Ali Koray Özgün ◽

Yunis Akkaş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Anatolia ◽

Foot Deformities ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Flat Foot ◽

Pes Cavus ◽

Pes Planus ◽

Foot Length ◽

Arc Index ◽

Arch Index ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Information on the foot structures of Central Anatolian children is limited. Foot structures of children aged 6–10 years were shown to be different according to sex and increasing age. Objective This study aimed to compare the foot anthropometric values by age and sex and collect the foot anthropometric data to reveal the relationship between pes planus and pes cavus in the arches of children according to age. Methods Footprints of 335 children (180 boys and 155 girls) aged 6–10 years were taken by the pedigraph method and evaluated using 18 different parameters. The TFL (Truncated foot length), FL (foot length), Arch Index, Chippaux Smirak Index, Staheli Arc Index, and foot rotation values of the children were examined. To examine the relationship between the parameters, normality values were examined. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze sex differences in terms of foot size and shape. Results Correlations between other parameters were determined using the correlations analysis method. TFL, metatarsal circumference, and FL were strongly correlated with age in the children. Foot rotation increased with body mass index in the girls compared to that in the boys. According to the evaluation results with the classification made with the Staheli arch index, 63.3% pes planus, 9.8% pes cavus and 27.7% of the normal arch structure were identified. Conclusions Planning shoe production accordingly will contribute to the development of healthy feet in children. This article focused on foot structures of in Central Anatolia and to identify early foot deformities in children. This study found that the length of the TFL was smaller in boys than in girls.

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Analysis of 6−10-Year-Old Children Feet Anthropometric Sizes and Pes Planus, Pes Cavus Predisposition in Central Anatolia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-148910/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Serap Alsancak ◽

Senem Güner ◽

Enver Guven ◽

Ali Özgün ◽

Yunis Akkaş ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Anatolia ◽

Foot Deformities ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Pes Cavus ◽

Pes Planus ◽

Foot Length ◽

The Relationship ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Background: Information on the foot structures of Central Anatolian children is limited. Foot structures of children aged 6−10 years were shown to be different according to sex and increasing age.Objective: This study aimed to compare the foot anthropometric values by age and sex and collect the foot anthropometric data to reveal the relationship between pes planus and pes cavus in the arches of children according to age.Methods: Footprints of 335 children (180 boys and 155 girls) aged 6−10 years were taken by the foot-print method and evaluated using 18 different parameters. To examine the relationship between the parameters, normality values were examined. Independent samples t-test was used to analyze sex differences in terms of foot size and shape.Results: Correlations between other parameters were determined using the correlations analysis method. TFL (Truncated foot length), metatarsal circumference, and foot length were strongly correlated with age in the children. Foot rotation increased with body mass index in the girls compared to that in the boys.Conclusions: Planning shoe production accordingly will contribute to the development of healthy feet in children. This article focused on foot structures of in Central Anatolia and to identify early foot deformities in children. This study found that the length of the TFL was smaller in boys than in girls.

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