Effects of Short-Foot Exercises on Foot Posture, Pain, Disability, and Plantar Pressure in Pes Planus

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Unver ◽  
Emin Ulas Erdem ◽  
Eda Akbas
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Foot ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Plantar Force

Context: Pes planus is a prevalent chronic condition that causes foot pain, disability, and impaired plantar load distribution. Short-foot exercises are often recommended to strengthen intrinsic foot muscles and to prevent excessive decrease of medial longitudinal arch height. Objective: To investigate the effects of short-foot exercises on navicular drop, foot posture, pain, disability, and plantar pressures in pes planus. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 41 participants with pes planus were assigned to the short-foot exercises group (n = 21) or the control group (n = 20). Intervention: Both groups were informed about pes planus, usual foot care, and appropriate footwear. Short-foot exercises group performed the exercises daily for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, foot pain, disability, and plantar pressures were assessed at the baseline and at the end of 6 weeks. Results: Navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, pain, and disability scores were significantly decreased; maximum plantar force of midfoot was significantly increased in short-foot exercises group over 6 weeks (P < .05). No significant differences were determined between the baseline and the sixth week outcomes in control group (P > .05). Conclusions: Six-week short-foot exercises provided a reduction in navicular drop, foot pronation, foot pain, and disability and increment in plantar force of medial midfoot in pes planus.

scholarly journals A Positive Association Between Foot Posture Index and Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis in Moroccan People

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abourazzak F.E ◽  
Kadi N ◽  
Azzouzi H ◽  
Lazrak F ◽  
Najdi A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Pes Cavus ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Posture

Objectives : To compare foot posture in people with and without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to assess association between its abnormalities and medial compartment knee OA. Methods : We compared the foot posture of patients with clinically and radiographically-confirmed medial compartment knee OA and asymptomatic healthy controls using the foot posture index (FPI), navicular height, and the medial arch. Results : We included 100 patients and 80 asymptomatic controls. The mean age of patients was 59 ± 7 (44-76) years and 48 ± 9 (28-60) years in the control (p=0.06). Patients group have more pronated foot for FPI (1.50 ± 2.68 vs 0.72 ± 2.63; p=0.05), more flat foot (42% vs 22%; p=0.03), and less pes cavus than the control group (58% vs 77%; p=0.004). However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the navicular height (3.90 ± 0.85 cm vs 4.00 ± 0.76 cm; p=0.41). In multivariate statistical analysis, after adjusting for age and body mass index, pronated foot in FPI (OR=1.22, 95%IC= [1.06-1.40], p=0.005), and pes cavus (OR=0.32, 95%IC= [0.11-0.93], p=0.03) had a significant correlation with the knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion : Pronated foot posture and flat foot are significantly associated with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Its Association with Hip, Ankle, and Foot Function in 16- to 18-Year-Old High School Students

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Mølgaard ◽  
Michael Skovdal Rathleff ◽  
Ole Simonsen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Hip Rotation

Background: An increased pronated foot posture is believed to contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), but the relationship between these phenomena is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of PFPS in high school students and to compare passive internal and external hip rotation, passive dorsiflexion, and navicular drop and drift between healthy high school students and students with PFPS. Methods: All 16- to 18-year-old students in a Danish high school were invited to join this single-blind case-control study (N = 299). All of the students received a questionnaire regarding knee pain. The main outcome measurements were prevalence of PFPS, navicular drop and drift, passive ankle dorsiflexion, passive hip rotation in the prone position, and activity level. The case group consisted of all students with PFPS. From the same population, a randomly chosen control group was formed. Results: The prevalence of knee pain was 25%. Of the 24 students with knee pain, 13 were diagnosed as having PFPS. This corresponds to a PFPS prevalence of 6%. Mean navicular drop and drift were higher in the PFPS group versus the control group (navicular drop: 4.2 mm [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.2–5.3 mm] versus 2.9 mm [95% CI, 2.5–3.3 mm]; and navicular drift: 2.6 mm [95% CI, 1.6–3.7 mm] versus 1.4 mm [95% CI, 0.9–2.0 mm]). Higher passive ankle dorsiflexion was also identified in the PFPS group (22.2° [95% CI, 18°–26°] versus 17.7° [95% CI, 15°–20°]). Conclusions: This study demonstrated greater navicular drop, navicular drift, and dorsiflexion in high school students with PFPS compared with healthy students and highlights that foot posture is important to consider as a factor where patients with PFPS diverge from healthy individuals. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 215–222, 2011)

Can the Foot Posture Index or their individual criteria predict dynamic plantar pressures?

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Nova ◽  
Elena Escamilla-Martínez ◽  
Juan Diego Pedrera-Zamorano
Keyword(s):  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Plantar Pressures ◽  
Foot Posture

scholarly journals Prevalence of flat foot among medical students and its impact on quality of life and functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
G. Pavan Kalyan Reddy ◽  
Prajakta Kishve
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Pes Planus ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Arch Index

Background: Flat foot also called pes planus/fallen arches is common deformity in adults. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of flat foot among medical students and to find out the association of flat foot with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), foot length and its impact on quality of life and functionality.Methods: A total of 300 medical students of age group 17-23 years were investigated for the presence of flat foot by using navicular drop (ND) test, arch index (AI) and foot posture index (FPI). The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software.Results: Prevalence of bilateral flat foot was 11.6% (8.3% were females and 3.3% were males). Unilateral was 3% (2% were females and 1% were males) and the correlation of ND, AI, FPI with gender, age was not significant and with BMI, weight was highly significant.Conclusions: Our study showed the presence of bilateral flat foot in 11.6% and unilateral in 3% students. Flat foot is associated with BMI, weight and slightly associated with foot length, height and it is not associated with age, gender. Flat foot effected the quality of life and functionality of the students whose BMI is more.  

Plantar Fasciitis and Its Relationship with Hallux Limitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Aranda ◽  
Pedro V. Munuera
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Slight Limitation ◽  
Study Participants

Background We sought to determine whether patients with plantar fasciitis have limited dorsiflexion in the first metatarsophalangeal joint and which type of foot, pronated or supinated, is most frequently associated with plantar fasciitis. Methods The 100 study participants (34 men and 66 women) were divided into two groups: patients with plantar fasciitis and controls. The Foot Posture Index and dorsiflexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint were compared between the two groups, and a correlation analysis was conducted to study their relationship. Results In the plantar fasciitis group there was a slight limitation of dorsiflexion of the hallux that was not present in the control group (P &lt; .001). Hallux dorsiflexion and the Foot Posture Index were inversely correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient, −0.441; P &lt; .01). Conclusions Participants with plantar fasciitis presented less hallux dorsiflexion than those in the control group, and their most common foot type was the pronated foot.

scholarly journals Modification of Pronated Foot Posture after a Program of Therapeutic Exercises

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8406
Author(s):  
Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Sandra Valle-Estévez ◽  
Peñas Albas Fraile-García ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Nova ◽  
Beatriz Gómez-Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Strengthening Exercise ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Intrinsic Musculature

Working on the intrinsic musculature of the foot has been shown to be effective in controlling pronation. However, the potential coadjuvant effect that involving other muscle groups might have on foot posture remains unknown. The aim was, therefore, to assess whether a 9-week intrinsic and extrinsic foot and core muscle strength program influenced foot posture in pronated subjects. The participants were 36 healthy adults with pronated feet that were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group (n = 18) performed a strengthening exercise protocol for 9 weeks (two sessions of 40 min per week), while the control group (n = 18) did not do these exercises. After 9 weeks, the foot posture index (FPI) scores of the two groups were analyzed to detect possible changes. The FPI at the baseline was 8.0 ± 1.5. After the 9 weeks, the experimental group showed significantly reduced FPI from 8.1 ± 1.7 to 6.4 ± 2.1 (p = 0.001), while the control group had the same score as pre-intervention (FPI 8 ± 1.2, p = 1.0). The FPI scores showed no significant differences by sex. Strengthening of the intrinsic and extrinsic foot and core muscles contributed to improving foot posture in adults, reducing their FPI by 1.66 points.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot: Correlations, Reliability, and Accuracy in People With a Low Arch

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Zuil-Escobar ◽  
Carmen B Martínez-Cepa ◽  
Jose A Martín-Urrialde ◽  
Antonia Gómez-Conesa
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Drop Test ◽  
Medial Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Intrarater Reliability ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Longitudinal Arch ◽  
Foot Posture

Abstract Background The medial longitudinal arch of the foot is a variable structure, and a decrease in its height could affect several functions and increase the risk of injuries in the lower limbs. There are many different techniques for evaluating it. Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlations of the Navicular Drop Test, several footprint parameters, and the Foot Posture Index-6 in people with a low medial longitudinal arch. Intrarater reliability and interrater reliability were also estimated. Design This was a repeated-measures, observational descriptive study. Methods Seventy-one participants (53.5% women; mean age = 24.13 years; SD = 3.41) were included. All of the parameters were collected from the dominant foot. The correlation coefficients were calculated. The reliability was also calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient, 95% CI, and kappa coefficient. Results Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the Navicular Drop Test and the footprint parameters, with r absolute values ranging from 0.722 to 0.788. The Navicular Drop Test and the Foot Posture Index-6 showed an excellent correlation (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.8), and good correlations (Spearman correlation coefficient = |0.663–0.703|) were obtained between the footprint parameters and the Foot Posture Index-6. Excellent intrarater reliability and interrater reliability were obtained for all of the parameters. Limitations Radiographic parameters, the gold standard for evaluating the medial longitudinal arch height, were not used. In addition, the results of this research cannot be generalized to people with normal and high medial longitudinal arches. Conclusions In participants with a low medial longitudinal arch, the Navicular Drop Test showed significant correlations with footprint parameters; correlations were good for the arch angle and Chippaux-Smirnak Index, and excellent for the Staheli Index. The Foot Posture Index-6 showed an excellent correlation with the Navicular Drop Test and a good correlation with the footprint parameters evaluated. All of the parameters showed high reliability.

scholarly journals Foot health and quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e036903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Reinoso-Cobo ◽  
Gabriel Gijon-Nogueron ◽  
Rafael Caliz-Caliz ◽  
Miguel Angel Ferrer-Gonzalez ◽  
Maria Teresa Vallejo-Velazquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foot Pain ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foot Health ◽  
Pain Disability

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to identify foot health factors related to the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).SettingIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 293 subjects were analysed, 229 of whom were in the RA group and 64 in the control group. In the RA group, 173 patients were female, and 50 in the control group.ParticipantsPatients with foot pain and RA (according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria) and with foot pain but no RA were recruited (Granada, Spain).InterventionTwo researchers independently interviewed the patients to obtain data for the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresClinical data were obtained using the Short Form 12-Item questionnaire (quality of life) (primary outcome), Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS pain), the Manchester Foot Pain Disability Index (MFPDI) and the Foot Function Index (FFI). Anthropometric measurements were obtained using a foot measurement platform, the Foot Posture Index and the Manchester Scale of Hallux Valgus (secondary outcomes).ResultsOf the 293 subjects, 76.1% were female. Significant differences were observed between the RA and the control group (p<0.001) with regard to VAS pain (general, foot and hand), MFPDI and FFI. In terms of anthropometric measurements, significant differences were only recorded for midfoot and forefoot width (p=0.03). For the physical health component, multivariable linear regression with the parameters age, gender, VAS pain (general) and the presence of RA presented an R2 value of 48.8%, while for the mental health component the corresponding value was 5.6%.ConclusionMorphological and structural characteristics of the foot are not necessarily associated with pain, disability and loss of function. The presence of RA, a higher score on VAS pain (general), female gender and older age are all associated with the physical component of the quality of life of patients with RA.

scholarly journals Lower-Leg and Foot Contributions to Turnout in University-Level Female Ballet Dancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Carter ◽  
Alan R. Bryant ◽  
Luke S. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Foot Posture Index ◽  
Posture Index ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Tibiofemoral Rotation ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
University Level ◽  
Ankle And Foot

Background: Turnout in ballet is produced through summation of the joint structure characteristics and ranges of motion at the hip, knee, ankle, and foot. Contributions of the hip joint to functional turnout in dancers have received extensive examination, whereas little is known about contributions from the knee, ankle, and foot. The aim of this study was to explore the nonhip components of turnout to dancers' functional turnout in first position by assessing passive external tibiofemoral rotation and active measures of foot pronation, ie, navicular drop and Foot Posture Index. Methods: Nineteen female university-level dance students aged 16 to 19 years participated in this descriptive correlational study. External tibiofemoral rotation, navicular drop, Foot Posture Index, and functional turnout were measured for the participants' right and left legs. Results: Regression analyses revealed a weak relationship between passive external tibiofemoral rotation and functional turnout. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate negative relationship between passive tibiofemoral external rotation and the Foot Posture Index in functional turnout. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the lower leg does contribute to dancers' overall position of functional turnout. However, current methods are not useful in predicting a dancer's lower-leg contribution and alignment in functional turnout in first position.

Dynamic Midfoot Kinematics in Subjects with Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Rathleff ◽  
Luke A. Kelly ◽  
Finn B. Christensen ◽  
Ole H. Simonsen ◽  
Søren Kaalund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Walking ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Navicular Drop ◽  
Stress Syndrome ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Foot Posture ◽  
Static Conditions

Background: Medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) is a common diagnosis. Several studies have demonstrated that excessive static navicular drop (ND) is related to the diagnosis. However, no studies have yet investigated ND and the velocity of ND during dynamic conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate ND characteristics in patients with MTSS in dynamic and static conditions. Methods: In a case-control study, 14 patients diagnosed as having MTSS were included from an orthopedic outpatient clinic. A control group consisting of 14 healthy participants was matched regarding age, sex, and typical sporting activity. Navicular drop was evaluated during treadmill walking by a two-dimensional video analysis. Static foot posture, static ND, dynamic ND (dND), and velocity of dND were compared. Results: The two groups were comparable in relation to age, sex, height, weight, and foot size. No significant difference was found in static foot posture. Static ND showed a mean difference of 1.7 mm between the groups (P = .08). During treadmill walking, patients with MTSS had, on average, a 1.5-mm-larger dND (P =.004) and a 2.4-mm/sec-larger mean velocity of dND (P = .03). Conclusions: Patients with MTSS display a larger ND and a higher ND velocity during treadmill walking. Increased ND velocity may be important to this condition. Future studies should include velocity of dND to investigate the mechanisms of dND in relation to overuse injuries. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(3): 205–212, 2012)

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