Differences in Pes Planus and Pes Cavus subtalar eversion/inversion before and after prolonged running, using a two-dimensional digital analysis

To better understand the bony component of pes planus and the means by which the Evans calcaneal lengthening corrects them, we studied the standing radiographs of seven adult patients who had undergone calcaneal lengthening to treat symptomatic pes planus. Weightbearing AP and lateral views done preoperatively and postoperatively were used for the study. For each set of films, the following parameters were measured: on the lateral view; overall length of the calcaneus, lateral talometatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, and the calcaneal pitch angle; and on the dorsoplanar view, the talometatarsal and talocalcaneal angle. In addition, the relative coverage of the talus by the navicular was described by an angular measurement based on the relationship of the center of the talus to the center of the navicular. The average improvements in lateral talocalcaneal angle (a reflection of hind-foot valgus) was 6.4° when the long axis of the calcaneus was used and 6.8° when the inferior surface of the calcaneus was used for the measurement. The lateral talometatarsal angle improved an average 11.3° (from an average of 19.7° to 8.4°). The dorsoplantar talometatarsal angle (a measure of forefoot adduction/abduction) improved 15.8° (preoperative average 26.8°, postoperative average 11°). The calcaneal pitch angle improved an average 10.8° (preoperative average 3.2°, postoperative average 14°). The relationship between the talus and navicular was defined by an angular measurement based on the center of each articular surface before and after correction using this measurement. An average improvement of 26° occurred in the alignment of these two articular surfaces. This study confirms Evans' belief that significant correction can be obtained by lateral column lengthening, that the relationship between navicular and talus can be restored without fusion, and that the forefoot position corrects without operative intervention to the medial side of the foot. This study also provides numerical guidelines for the surgeon planning surgical correction of symptomatic pes planus, and since bony relationships can be observed before and after correction, some insight may be gained into tarsal morphology of pes planus.

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Effect of Magnet Position on Tipping and Bodily Tooth Movement in Magnetic Force-Driven Orthodontics

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13163588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3588

Author(s):

Yoshiki Ishida ◽

Yukinori Kuwajima ◽

Cliff Lee ◽

Kaho Ogawa ◽

John D. Da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Force ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Root Apex ◽

Digital Analysis ◽

Bodily Movement ◽

Space Closure ◽

Before And After ◽

3D Printed ◽

Model C

The goal of our study is to launch magnetic force-driven orthodontics. This continuous study investigated the influence of magnet position on tipping and bodily tooth movement, using 3D printing technology and digital analysis. Orthodontic typodont models (TMs) for space-closure were 3D printed to mimic maxillary central incisors. Nd-Fe-B magnets were placed in the middle third (Model-M), and the cervical third (Model-C), of the tooth. TMs, before and after movement, were digitally scanned and superimposed. The 3D digital coordinates (X, Y, and Z axes), and rotations (yaw, pitch, and roll) of the tooth crown and root, were calculated and compared between the two magnet position settings. Model-M showed higher rates of movement, but more rotation than Model-C (p < 0.01). The root apex of Model-M moved in the opposite direction of the crown (R = −0.29), indicating tipping movement. In contrast, the crown and root apex moved in the same direction (R = 0.56) in Model-C, indicating bodily movement. These patterns were confirmed in a typodont model of a moderate crowding case. The results validated that modifying the magnet position increased the amount of bodily tooth movement, and decreased rotation/tipping in an ex vivo setting.

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Computer-derived image compositing

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1981.51.1.84 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 84-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. J. Wall ◽

S. S. Sobin ◽

M. Karspeck ◽

R. G. Lindal ◽

H. M. Tremer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Digital Analysis ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Optical Sectioning ◽

Composite Image ◽

Image Compositing

A computer-derived composite image is obtained of the details contained in successive photomicrographs taken by optical sectioning of the collagen networks in the pulmonary interalveolar wall. Three-dimensional information is therefore contained in a two-dimensional portrayal, providing a basis for computer digital analysis otherwise not readily available.

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Accuracy of Two-Dimensional Echocardiographic Planimetry of the Mitral Valve Area before and after Balloon Valvuloplasty

Cardiology ◽

10.1159/000006848 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 227-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Avinoam Shiran ◽

Steven A. Goldstein ◽

Samer Ellahham ◽

Gary S. Mintz ◽

Augusto D. Pichard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitral Valve ◽

Balloon Valvuloplasty ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Mitral Valve Area ◽

Before And After ◽

Valve Area

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‘Two-dimensional’ symphonic forms: Schoenberg’s Chamber Symphony, before, and after

The Cambridge Companion to the Symphony ◽

10.1017/cco9781139021425.013 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 268-284

Author(s):

Steven Vande Moortele

Keyword(s):

Two Dimensional ◽

Chamber Symphony ◽

Before And After

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Hydrodynamic Influence Dabanhu River Bridge Holes Widening Based on Two-Dimensional Finite Element Numerical Model

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20183803042 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 03042

Author(s):

Dong Feng Li ◽

Fu Qing Bai ◽

Hui Nie

Keyword(s):

Water Level ◽

Network Flow ◽

Water Surface ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Surface Gradient ◽

Before And After ◽

Dimensional Finite Element ◽

Vector Distribution ◽

Hydrodynamic Factors ◽

Range Of Influence

In order to analyze the influence of bridge holes widening on hydrodynamic such as water level, a two-dimensional mathematical model was used to calculate the hydrodynamic factors, river network flow velocity vector distribution is given, water level and difference of bridge widening before and after is calculated and charted, water surface gradient in seven different river sections near the upper reaches of bridges is counted and revealed. The results of hydrodynamic calculation indicate that The Maximum and the minimum deducing numerical value of the water level after bridge widening is 0.028m, and 0.018m respective. the seven sections water surface gradient becomes smaller until it becomes negative, the influence of bridge widening on the upstream is basically over, the range of influence is about 450m from the bridge to the upstream. reach

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GROWTH MORPHOLOGY OF THE {100} CLEAVAGE FACES OF LAP CRYSTALS OBSERVED BY AFM

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x06007913 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 111-115

Author(s):

Y. L. GENG ◽

D. XU ◽

X. Q. WANG ◽

X. Q. HOU ◽

H. B. ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Crystal ◽

Growth Time ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Growth Morphology ◽

Before And After

Morphology of the {100} cleavage faces of L-arginine phosphate monohydrate single crystal before and after its growth at 40°C at a supersaturation of 0.031 has been studied. Monolayer and multilayer steps are found on the original cleaved surfaces. The regrowth morphology varies in nature with different growth time. With the increase of the growth time more growth layers and two-dimensional nucleus come into being, and they become more stable.

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