Human behaviour in the Euclidean Travelling Salesperson Problem: Computational modelling of heuristics and figural effects

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 387-399
Author(s):  
Markos Kyritsis ◽  
Stephen R. Gulliver ◽  
Eva Feredoes ◽  
Shahab Ud Din
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Travelling Salesperson Problem

scholarly journals Organisational plasticity: can we really model human–agent behaviours?

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Richards
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Change ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Behaviour Models

PurposeThe ability for an organisation to adapt and respond to external pressures is a beneficial activity towards optimising efficiency and increasing the likelihood of achieving set goals. It can also be suggested that this very ability to adapt to one's surroundings is one of the key factors of resilience. The nature of dynamically responding to sudden change and then to return to a state that is efficient may be termed as possessing the characteristic of plasticity. Uses of agent-based systems in assisting in organisational processes may have a hand in facilitating an organisations' plasticity, and computational modelling has often been used to try and predict both agent and human behaviour. Such models also promise the ability to examine the dynamics of organisational plasticity through the direct manipulation of key factors. This paper discusses the use of such models in application to organisational plasticity and in particular the relevance to human behaviour and perception of agent-based modelling. The uses of analogies for explaining organisational plasticity is also discussed, with particular discussion around the use of modelling. When the authors consider the means by which the authors can adopt theories to explain this type of behaviour, models tend to focus on aspects of predictability. This in turn loses a degree of realism when we consider the complex nature of human behaviour, and more so that of human–agent behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology and approach used for this paper is reflected in the review of the literature and research.FindingsThe use of human–agent behaviour models in organisational plasticity is discussed in this paper.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is based on the importance of considering the human–agent-based models. When compared to agent-based model approaches, analogy is used as a narrative in this paper.

scholarly journals Can Computers Create Humor?

AI Magazine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Hard Problems ◽  
Computational Humor

Despite the fact that AI has always been adventurous in trying to elucidate complex aspects of human behaviour, only recently has there been research into computational modelling of humor. One obstacle to progress is the lack of a precise and detailed theory of how humor operates. Nevertheless, since the early 1990s, there have been a number of small programs that create simple verbal humor, and more recently there have been studies of the automatic classification of the humorous status of texts. In addition, there are a number of advocates of the practical uses of computational humor: in user-interfaces, in education, and in advertising. Computer-generated humor is still quite basic, but it could be viewed as a form of exploratory creativity. For computational humor to improve, some hard problems in AI will have to be addressed.

SAMPL7 TrimerTrip Host-Guest Binding Poses and Binding Affinities from Spherical-Coordinates-Biased Simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxi Sun
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Free Energy Calculations ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Spherical Coordinates ◽  
Collective Variables ◽  
Guest Binding ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Sampl Challenge

Host-guest binding remains a major challenge in modern computational modelling. The newest 7<sup>th</sup> statistical assessment of the modeling of proteins and ligands (SAMPL) challenge contains a new series of host-guest systems. The TrimerTrip host binds to 16 structurally diverse guests. Previously, we have successfully employed the spherical coordinates as the collective variables coupled with the enhanced sampling technique metadynamics to enhance the sampling of the binding/unbinding event, search for possible binding poses and predict the binding affinities in all three host-guest binding cases of the 6<sup>th</sup> SAMPL challenge. In this work, we employed the same protocol to investigate the TrimerTrip host in the SAMPL7 challenge. As no binding pose is provided by the SAMPL7 host, our simulations initiate from randomly selected configurations and are proceeded long enough to obtain converged free energy estimates and search for possible binding poses. The predicted binding affinities are in good agreement with the experimental reference, and the obtained binding poses serve as a nice starting point for end-point or alchemical free energy calculations.

Mirroring the Complexities of the Human Psyche and the Depiction of Female Powerlessness in Alice Munro’s “Runaway”

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1036-1041
Author(s):  
Steffi Santhana Mary. S ◽  
Dr Anita Albert
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Human Psyche

Human behaviour is constructed by unconscious drives and impulses. To Freud, thoughts are supposed to be guided by desires and these desires are the fundamental basis of humankind, life, and psyche. Not being expressed directly, they take other shapes in order to be expressible in personal and social situations. They are repressed because they could not be fitted into social norms and laws. Freud believes that many of our actions are motivated by psychological forces unknown to others which he calls ‘the unconscious’. The objective of the present paper is to read Munro's Runaway in the mirror of Sigmund Freud to detect the psychological aspects of the characters.

Magistri Legis. Eine Studie zur dogmatischen Funktion im industriellen System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-112
Author(s):  
Pierre Legendre
Keyword(s):  
Social Function ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Industrial System ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Law ◽  
New Look

"Der Beitrag reevaluiert die «dogmatische Funktion», eine soziale Funktion, die mit biologischer und kultureller Reproduktion und folglich der Reproduktion des industriellen Systems zusammenhängt. Indem sie sich auf der Grenze zwischen Anthropologie und Rechtsgeschichte des Westens situiert, nimmt die Studie die psychoanalytische Frage nach der Rolle des Rechts im Verhalten des modernen Menschen erneut in den Blick. </br></br>This article reappraises the dogmatic function, a social function related to biological and cultural reproduction and consequently to the reproduction of the industrial system itself. On the borderline of anthropology and of the history of law – applied to the West – this study takes a new look at the question raised by psychoanalysis concerning the role of law in modern human behaviour. "

The ‘Psychology’ of Polygraph’: Engendering Differential Salience - Concerns and Caveats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedo Herbig
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Behaviour Modification ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Governing Body ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Emotional Salience ◽  
Polygraph Examination

The ‘success’ of a polygraph examination is predicated on the establishment of differential or emotional salience (a ‘psychological set’) with an examinee. This, according to polygraph proponents, guarantees that an examinee will respond appropriately during the administration of the in-test (questioning) phase of the polygraph examination. However, polygraph procedure, as prescribed by its governing body, the American Polygraph Association (APA), is a static clinical Westernised process that does not make any provision for human multiplicity (culture/ethnicity, idiosyncrasies, level of education, language proficiency, ideologies, and so forth). Identical (one size fits all) test procedures are applied across the board – a highly controversial methodology. This article, instead of rigidly focusing on validity and reliability issues per se, explores the degree to which certain intentional and unintentional human behaviour modification strategies have the potential to counterbalance claimed polygraph rectitude from a metaphysical and discursive standpoint. The article exposes concerns (potential flaws) relating to polygraph theory in the context of the ‘psychological set’ and is intended to serve as a caveat regarding the unmitigated use thereof. 

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