Phase transition of water–in–oil emulsions over influence of an external electric field

2008 ◽  
Vol 326 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.L.M.C. Silva ◽  
F.W. Tavares ◽  
M.J.E.M. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Oil Emulsions

Use of an External Electric Field to Convert the Paraelectric Phase to the Ferroelectric Phase in Ultra-thin Copolymer Films of P(VDF-TrFE)

2000 ◽  
Vol 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Poulsen ◽  
S. Adenwalla ◽  
Stephen Ducharme ◽  
V.M. Fridkin ◽  
S.P. Palto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Ferroelectric Phase ◽  
Paraelectric Phase ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
X Ray

AbstractX-ray diffraction was used to probe the structural changes associated with the conversion of the paraelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase that results from the application of a large external electric field. The samples under study are ultrathin (150 to 250 Å) Langmuir-Blodgett films of the copolymer vinylidene fluoride (70%) with trifluoroethylene (30%) deposited on aluminum-coated silicon. Theta-2theta X-ray diffraction was used to measure the change in inter-layer spacing perpendicular to the film surface. Upon heating at zero external electric field, the crystalline films undergo a structural phase transition, at 100± 5°C, from the all-trans ferroelectric phase to the trans-gauche paraelectric phase. [1,2] Above the phase transition temperature, the non-polar paraelectric phase can be converted back to the polar ferroelectric phase, in a smooth continuous process, using a large external electric field (∼1 GV/m). For example, at 100° C the ferroelectric phase first appears above 0.2 GV/m and increases steadily in proportion while the paraelectric phase decreases until complete conversion to the ferroelectric phase is achieved at approximately 0.6 GV/m.

scholarly journals Nanoscale tailoring of supramolecular crystals via an oriented external electric field

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (28) ◽  
pp. 15072-15080
Author(s):  
Xingming Zeng ◽  
Sadaf Bashir Khan ◽  
Ayyaz Mahmood ◽  
Shern-Long Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Supramolecular Crystals

The oriented external electric field of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has recently been adapted for controlling the chemical reaction and supramolecular phase transition at surfaces with molecular precision.

The effect of an external electric field on solid-state phase transition of (P(VDF/TrFE)(72/28)

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Soon Lee ◽  
Arun Anand Prabu ◽  
Kap Jin Kim ◽  
Cheolmin Park
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field
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