AACVD processed binary amorphous NiVOx coatings on Cu substrates: Surface characterization and corrosion resistant performance in saline medium

2021 ◽  
pp. 127893
Author(s):  
A. Madhan Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Ali Ehsan ◽  
Rami K. Suleiman ◽  
Abbas Saeed Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Cu Substrates ◽  
Saline Medium

Surface characterization and biological assessment of corrosion-resistant a-C:H:SiOx PACVD coating for Ti-6Al-4 V alloy

2021 ◽  
pp. 112002
Author(s):  
A.S. Grenadyorov ◽  
M.O. Zhulkov ◽  
А.А. Solovyev ◽  
K.V. Oskomov ◽  
V.A. Semenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Physical, Chemical, and Crystallographic Characterization of Anodic Coatings on High Strength Aluminum Base Alloys

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert ◽  
N. T. McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Anodic Films ◽  
Sodium Dichromate ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Adhesive Bonded Joints

Durability of adhesive bonded joints in moisture and salt spray environments is essential to USAF aircraft. Structural bonding technology for aerospace applications has depended for many years on the preparation of aluminum surfaces by a sulfuric acid/sodium dichromate (FPL etch) treatment. Recently, specific thin film anodizing techniques, phosphoric acid, and chromic acid anodizing have been developed which not only provide good initial bond strengths but vastly improved environmental durability. These thin anodic films are in contrast to the commonly used thick anodic films such as the sulfuric acid or "hard" sulfuric acid anodic films which are highly corrosion resistant in themselves, but which do not provide good initial bond strengths, particularly in low temperature peel.The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of anodic films on aluminum alloys that make them corrosion resistant. The chemical composition, physical morphology and structure, and mechanical properties of the thin oxide films were to be defined and correlated with the environmental stability of these surfaces in humidity and salt spray. It is anticipated that anodic film characteristics and corrosion resistance will vary with the anodizing processing conditions.

Action of Lysolecithin on Blood Platelets

1963 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chava Kirschmann ◽  
Sara Aloof ◽  
Andre de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Platelet Surface ◽  
Washed Platelet ◽  
Sufficient Concentration ◽  
Saline Medium

SummaryLysolecithin is adsorbed to washed blood platelets and, at sufficient concentration, lyses them, inhibits their clot-retracting activity and promotes their thromboplastin-generating activity. Lysolecithin adsorption to the platelet was studied by using P32-labelled lysolecithin obtained from the liver of rats injected with labelled orthophosphate. The amount of lysolecithin adsorbed to the surface of the washed platelet in saline medium is dependent on the concentration of lysolecithin in solution and reaches saturation — 5 × 10-8 jig per platelet — at a concentration of 9—10 µg per ml. Platelet lysis in saline medium begins at a lysolecithin concentration higher than 18 jig per ml. Plasma and albumin prevent adsorption of lysolecithin to the platelet and protect the platelet from damage by lysolecithin. Albumin is able to remove previously adsorbed lysolecithin from the platelet surface. The protective action of plasma explains the lack of platelet damage in blood, the plasma lecithin of which has been converted to lysolecithin by the action of Vipera palestinae venom phosphatidase, in vitro and in vivo.

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

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