scholarly journals Monitoring moisture movements in building materials using X-ray attenuation: Influence of beam-hardening of polychromatic X-ray photon beams

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad J. Pease ◽  
Gregor A. Scheffler ◽  
Hans Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Photon Beams ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Computed tomographic beam-hardening artefacts: mathematical characterization and analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2043) ◽  
pp. 20140388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung Suk Park ◽  
Yong Eun Chung ◽  
Jin Keun Seo
Keyword(s):  
Radon Transform ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Ct Reconstruction ◽  
Photon Beams ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
Metal Artefact

This paper presents a mathematical characterization and analysis of beam-hardening artefacts in X-ray computed tomography (CT). In the field of dental and medical radiography, metal artefact reduction in CT is becoming increasingly important as artificial prostheses and metallic implants become more widespread in ageing populations. Metal artefacts are mainly caused by the beam-hardening of polychromatic X-ray photon beams, which causes mismatch between the actual sinogram data and the data model being the Radon transform of the unknown attenuation distribution in the CT reconstruction algorithm. We investigate the beam-hardening factor through a mathematical analysis of the discrepancy between the data and the Radon transform of the attenuation distribution at a fixed energy level. Separation of cupping artefacts from beam-hardening artefacts allows causes and effects of streaking artefacts to be analysed. Various computer simulations and experiments are performed to support our mathematical analysis.

Empirical Beam Hardening and Ring Artifact Correction for X‐Ray Grating Interferometry (EBHC‐GI)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon J. Nelson ◽  
Shuai Leng ◽  
Elisabeth R. Shanblatt ◽  
Cynthia H. McCollough ◽  
Thomas Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Beam Hardening ◽  
Artifact Correction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ring Artifact

scholarly journals Magnesium Oxybromides MOB-318 and MOB-518: Brominated Analogues of Magnesium Oxychlorides

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4032
Author(s):  
Anna-Marie Lauermannová ◽  
Michal Lojka ◽  
Filip Antončík ◽  
David Sedmidubský ◽  
Milena Pavlíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Magnesium Oxychloride ◽  
Sustainable Building Materials

The search for environmentally sustainable building materials is currently experiencing significant expansion. It is increasingly important to find new materials or reintroduce those that have been set aside to find a good replacement for Portland cement, which is widely used despite being environmentally insufficient and energy-intensive. Magnesium oxybromides, analogues to well-known magnesium oxychloride cements, fit both categories of new and reintroduced materials. In this contribution, two magnesium oxybromide phases were prepared and thoroughly analyzed. The stoichiometries of the prepared phases were 5Mg(OH)2∙MgBr2∙8H2O and 3Mg(OH)2∙MgBr2∙8H2O. The phase analysis was determined using X-ray diffraction. The morphology was analyzed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The chemical composition was studied using X-ray fluorescence and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was also used. The thermal stability and the mechanism of the release of gasses linked to the heating process, such as water and hydrobromic acid evaporation, were analyzed using simultaneous thermal analysis combined with mass spectroscopy. The obtained results were compared with the data available for magnesium oxychlorides.

The Research of Iron Containing Wastes Modification Process of Leninabad Rare Metals Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Matyukhin ◽  
Daler I. Mirzoev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Enrichment Process

The paper presents the results of ferriferous wastes modification process research carried on the basis of JCS “Leninobad rare metals Plant” located in the Republic of Tajikistan. The wastes for the study were taken from the western tailing. The article presents the justification of the chosen wastes as a filling material in the development of new radiation protective composite building materials. The data on the initial ferriferous chemical composition of the tailing wastes and the chemical composition of the material that passed the enrichment process is presented. The study contains microphotos of ferriferous haematite raw material particles surface before and after completing the modifying process. The paper presents and describes the study of X-ray phase analysis diffractograms of enriched iron-containing wastes before and after the modification process. The current research proves that the enrichment ferriferous wastes particles modification process is possible and as a result it can be used as a filling for the development of new kinds of radioprotective composite materials.

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction study on new organic- natural building materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Fernea ◽  
Iacob Florea ◽  
Daniela Lucia Manea ◽  
Petru Pășcuță ◽  
Daniela Roxana Tămaș-Gavrea
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Building

scholarly journals An anthropomorphic phantom representing a prematurely born neonate for digital x-ray imaging using 3D printing: Proof of concept and comparison of image quality from different systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaus Irnstorfer ◽  
Ewald Unger ◽  
Azadeh Hojreh ◽  
Peter Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Image Quality ◽  
Anthropomorphic Phantom ◽  
Beam Hardening ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Image Appearance ◽  
Neonatal Imaging

Abstract An anthropomorphic phantom for image optimization in neonatal radiography was developed, and its usability in optimizing image acquisition and processing demonstrated. The phantom was designed to mimic a patient image of a prematurely born neonate. A clinical x-ray (neonate <1 kg) taken with an effective dose of 11 µSv on a needle-crystal storage phosphor system was retrospectively selected from anonymized images as an appropriate template representing a standard case in neonatology imaging. The low dose level used in clinical imaging results in high image noise content. Therefore, the image had to be processed using structure preserving noise reduction. Pixel values were related to printing material thickness to result in a similar attenuation pattern as the original patient including support mattress. A 3D model generating a similar x-ray attenuation pattern on an image detector as a patient was derived accounting for beam hardening and perspective, and printed using different printing technologies. Best printing quality was achieved using a laser stereolithography printer. Phantom images from different digital radiography systems used in neonatal imaging were compared. Effects of technology, image processing, and radiation dose on diagnostic image quality can be assessed for otherwise identical anthropomorphic neonatal images not possible with patient images, facilitating optimization and standardization of imaging parameters and image appearance.

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