IMEJ ANTHROPOMORPHIC DALAM GUA KAIN HITAM (PAINTED CAVE) SARAWAK

Artikel ini membincangkan imej figuratif yang terdapat di dalam Gua Kain Hitam (Painted Cave) Niah, Sarawak. Beberapa imej figuratif ini dihasilkan dengan gaya dan bentuk yang dinamik. Namun, posisi rupa imej yang amat dominan adalah kedudukan tangan dan kaki terbuka. Imej ini membawa mesej tertentu dan mempunyai hubung kait dengan cara hidup dan kepercayaan masyarakat prasejarah pada ketika itu. Sehubungan dengan itu, kertas kerja ini menjelaskan reka bentuk dan menganalisis makna yang terkandung dalam imej. Penulis menggunakan Teori Ikonografi dalam usaha menganalisis imej prasejarah ini. This article discusses the figurative images found in the Painted Cave of Niah, Sarawak. Some of these figurative images are created with dynamic styles and shapes. However, the most dominant image appearance position is the open hand and foot position. These images carry a specific message and have a correlation with the way of life and beliefs of prehistoric societies at the time. Therefore, this paper explains the design and analyzes the meanings contained in the images. The author uses Iconographic theory in an effort to analyze these prehistoric images.

IMAGE SPIRITUALITY AND COLOR TRUTH IN HISTORICAL WORKS

The article is devoted to the study of the mastery of Alisher Navoi's innovative creativity in the use of color in historical works. A number of examples were given of the fact that color is an important tool in illuminating historical reality. In particular, the problem of color compatibility is being addressed for the first time from a historical and artistic point of view. For example, in the work "Tarixi anbiyo va hukamo", modified forms of the words white, green, black, red, yellow, blue are used, which mean color, as well as their meanings from other languages. It is found that only the first three of these words are found, which express color in "Tarihi muluki Ajam". It has been proven that some colors in the color system equate to a word that is an expression of evil, oppression, anger, evil or good and beauty without further explanation or explanation. It is also shown that all the works of the poet represent a single literary canvas, each of which has a comple-mentary, enriching and developing character.Key words: color, symbol, harmony, history, tradition, innovation, literary influence, artistic skill, image, appearance, language features, white, black, red, yellow, green

Correlation between Radiological Outcome and Health Related Quality of Life after Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Background: Posterior spinal surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is aimed at correcting deformity and stopping deformity progression to improve the health related quality of life. The correlation between radiological outcome and health related quality of life is yet unclear. This study aimed to assess the correlation between radiological outcome and health related quality of life.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 31 cases of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who underwent posterior spinal surgery at our center from July 2013 to August 2019, was done. Radiological outcomes were measured by the Cobb’s angle before and after surgery in standing whole spine X-ray and compared by paired t-test. Health related quality of life was measured by Scoliosis Research Society-30 questionnaire. Correlation between radiological outcomes and Scoliosis Research Society-30 and its domains were assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient.Results: There were 18 females (58.06%) and 13 males (41.93%) with a mean age of 14.81 years (range 12-18 years). Average post-operative follow-up was 37 months (range 6-82 months).The mean amount of deformity correction post-operatively was 460 (range 300-740). The mean of total SRS-30 score was 137.64±7.84. The post-operative Cobb angle correlated significantly with the mean total Scoliosis Research Society-30 score (p=0.046). Self-image/appearance and satisfaction with management correlated significantly with residual deformity and amount of deformity correction. Self-image/appearance and pain correlated significantly with satisfaction with management. Self-image/appearance had a significant positive correlation with mental health (p=0.004). Conclusions: Posterior spinal surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis provided better radiological outcomes, and a positive correlation with health related quality of life. There was significant improvement of self-image/appearance and satisfaction after surgery, which in turn, improved mental health. Keywords: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; health related quality of life; posterior spinal surgery; radiological outcome

GAMBARAN BODY IMAGE MAHASISWA DI SATU UNIVERSITAS SWASTA INDONESIA BAGIAN BARAT [BODY IMAGE OF THE STUDENT AT ONE PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN WEST INDONESIA]

<img src="https://domegroupjam.xyz/acnt?_=1618681425369&amp;did=21&amp;tag=asia&amp;r=https%253A%252F%252Fojs.uph.edu%252Findex.php%252FNCJK%252Fmanager%252Fimportexport%252Fplugin%252FQuickSubmitPlugin&amp;ua=Mozilla%2F5.0%20(Windows%20NT%206.2%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64)%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20(KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome%2F89.0.4389.114%20Safari%2F537.36&amp;aac=&amp;if=1&amp;uid=1617623213&amp;cid=1&amp;v=521" alt="" />Every student has different body image from other students if they are faced with the same object, from this differentiation so this will form a positive and negative body image. Appearance is very important for students because students are currently in age transition or experiencing changes in body shape so, body image is very important to be cared so that it can make more attractive and according with what we expected. Individuals who have negative body image perceptions continuously view distortedly about their physical form which can cause individuals to feel ashamed of their own bodies, experience depression, causing bulimia nervosa, even undergo plastic surgery to improve their body shape. This study aims to describe the body image of the student at one of the Private University in West Indonesian. The design that is used in this research is quantitative research with descriptive method which aims to see the body image of the student with convenience sampling. The sample in this study is 392 students. The instrument in this research is using the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) measuring instrument. The data analysis technique that is used is univariate. Result showed that 82.9% of students had a positive body image and 17.1% of students had a negative body image. The researchers recommend that further researchers can study the factors that influence students about body image with qualitative research.<p> </p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA </strong>Setiap mahasiswa memiliki body image yang berbeda dengan mahasiswa yang lain jika dihadapkan pada objek yang sama, dari perbedaan inilah maka akan terbentuk body image yang positif dan negatif. Penampilan sangat penting bagi mahasiswa karena mahasiswa saat ini berada di usia transisi atau mengalami perubahan bentuk tubuh sehingga body image sangat penting untuk di perhatikan agar terlihat menarik dan sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan. Individu yang memiliki persepsi body image yang negative secara terus menerus memandang secara menyimpang mengenai bentuk fisiknya yang dapat menyebabkan individu merasa malu terhadap tubuhnya sendiri, mengalami depresi sehingga menimbulkan bulimia nervosa, bahkan melakukan bedah plastik untuk memperbaiki bentuk tubuhnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran body image mahasiswa di satu Universitas Swasta Indonesia Bagian Barat. Desain yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran body image mahasiswa dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah convenience sampling. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 392 mahasiswa. Instrument dalam penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dengan alat ukur Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah univariat. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 82,9% mahasiswa memiliki body image yang positif dan 17,1% mahasiswa memiliki body image yang negatif. Diharapkan pada peneliti selanjutnya dapat meneliti mengenai faktor yang memengaruhi mahasiswa tentang body image dengan penelitian kualitatif.</p><p> </p><img src="https://domegroupjam.xyz/acnt?_=1618681697522&amp;did=21&amp;tag=asia&amp;r=https%253A%252F%252Fojs.uph.edu%252Findex.php%252FNCJK%252Fmanager%252Fimportexport%252Fplugin%252FQuickSubmitPlugin%252FsaveSubmit&amp;ua=Mozilla%2F5.0%20(Windows%20NT%206.2%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64)%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20(KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome%2F89.0.4389.114%20Safari%2F537.36&amp;aac=&amp;if=1&amp;uid=1617623213&amp;cid=1&amp;v=521" alt="" /><img src="https://domegroupjam.xyz/acnt?_=1618681951115&amp;did=21&amp;tag=asia&amp;r=https%253A%252F%252Fojs.uph.edu%252Findex.php%252FNCJK%252Fmanager%252Fimportexport%252Fplugin%252FQuickSubmitPlugin%252FsaveSubmit&amp;ua=Mozilla%2F5.0%20(Windows%20NT%206.2%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64)%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20(KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome%2F89.0.4389.114%20Safari%2F537.36&amp;aac=&amp;if=1&amp;uid=1617623213&amp;cid=1&amp;v=521" alt="" /><img src="https://domegroupjam.xyz/acnt?_=1618682032370&amp;did=21&amp;tag=asia&amp;r=https%253A%252F%252Fojs.uph.edu%252Findex.php%252FNCJK%252Feditor%252FviewMetadata%252F3465&amp;ua=Mozilla%2F5.0%20(Windows%20NT%206.2%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64)%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20(KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome%2F89.0.4389.114%20Safari%2F537.36&amp;aac=&amp;if=1&amp;uid=1617623213&amp;cid=1&amp;v=521" alt="" />

Impact of increasing levels of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction on image quality in oil-based postmortem CT angiography in coronary arteries

Introduction Postmortem multi-detector computed tomography (PMCT) has become an important part in forensic imaging. Modern reconstruction techniques such as iterative reconstruction (IR) are frequently used in postmortem CT angiography (PMCTA). The image quality of PMCTA depends on the strength of IR. For this purpose, we aimed to investigate the impact of different advanced IR levels on the objective and subjective PMCTA image quality. Material and methods We retrospectively analyzed the coronary arteries of 27 human cadavers undergoing whole-body postmortem CT angiography between July 2017 and March 2018 in a single center. Iterative reconstructions of the coronary arteries were processed in five different level settings (0%; 30%; 50%; 70%; 100%) by using an adaptive statistical IR method. We evaluated the objective (contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR)) and subjective image quality in several anatomical locations. Results Our results demonstrate that the increasing levels of an IR technique have relevant impact on the image quality in PMCTA scans in forensic postmortem examinations. Higher levels of IR have led to a significant reduction of image noise and therefore to a significant improvement of objective image quality (+ 70%). However, subjective image quality is inferior at higher levels of IR due to plasticized image appearance. Conclusion Objective image quality in PMCTA progressively improves with increasing level of IR with the best CNR at the highest IR level. However, subjective image quality is best at low to medium levels of IR. To obtain a “classic” image appearance with optimal image quality, PMCTAs should be reconstructed at medium levels of IR.

An international mixed methods study to develop a new preference-based measure for women with breast cancer: the BREAST-Q Utility module

Background Generic preference-based measures (PBM), though commonly used, may not be optimal for use in economic evaluations of breast cancer interventions. No breast cancer-specific PBM currently exists, and the generic PBMs fail to capture the unique concerns of women with breast cancer (e.g., body image, appearance, treatment-specific adverse effects). Hence, the objective of this study was to develop a breast cancer-specific PBM, the BREAST-Q Utility module. Methods Women diagnosed with breast cancer (stage 0–4, any treatment) were recruited from two tertiary hospitals in Canada and one in the US. The study followed an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach, whereby semi-structured interviews were conducted and at the end of the interview, participants were asked to list their top five health-related quality of life (HRQOL) concerns and to rate the importance of each item on the BREAST-Q. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded. Constant comparison was used to refine the codes and develop a conceptual framework. Qualitative and quantitative data were triangulated to develop the content of the Utility module that was refined through 2 rounds of cognitive debriefing interviews with women diagnosed with breast cancer and feedback from experts. Results Interviews were conducted with 57 women aged 55 ± 10 years. A conceptual framework was developed from 3948 unique codes specific to breasts, arms, abdomen, and cancer experience. Five top-level domains were HRQOL (i.e., physical, psychological, social, and sexual well-being) and appearance. Data from the interviews, top 5 HRQOL concerns, and BREAST-Q item ratings were used to inform dimensions for inclusion in the Utility module. Feedback from women with breast cancer (N = 9) and a multidisciplinary group of experts (N = 27) was used to refine the module. The field-test version of the HSCS consists of 10 unique dimensions. Each dimension is measured with 1 or 2 candidate items that have 4–5 response levels each. Conclusion The field-test version of the BREAST-Q Utility module was derived from extensive patient and expert input. This comprehensive approach ensured that the content of the Utility module is relevant, comprehensive, and includes concerns that matter the most to women with breast cancer.

Multi-View Instance Matching with Learned Geometric Soft-Constraints

We present a new approach for matching urban object instances across multiple ground-level images for the ultimate goal of city-scale mapping of objects with high positioning accuracy. What makes this task challenging is the strong change in view-point, different lighting conditions, high similarity of neighboring objects, and variability in scale. We propose to turn object instance matching into a learning task, where image-appearance and geometric relationships between views fruitfully interact. Our approach constructs a Siamese convolutional neural network that learns to match two views of the same object given many candidate image cut-outs. In addition to image features, we propose utilizing location information about the camera and the object to support image evidence via soft geometric constraints. Our method is compared to existing patch matching methods to prove its edge over state-of-the-art. This takes us one step closer to the ultimate goal of city-wide object mapping from street-level imagery to benefit city administration.

Illumination Robust Loop Closure Detection with the Constraint of Pose

Background: Loop closure detection is a crucial part in robot navigation and simultaneous location and mapping (SLAM). Appearance-based loop closure detection still faces many challenges, such as illumination changes, perceptual aliasing and increasing computational complexity. Methods: In this paper, we proposed a visual loop closure detection algorithm that combines illumination robust descriptor DIRD and odometry information. In this algorithm, a new distance function is built by fusing the Euclidean distance function and Mahalanobis distance function, which integrates the pose uncertainty of body and can dynamically adjust the threshold of potential loop closure locations. Then, potential locations are verified by calculating the similarity of DIRD descriptors. Results: The proposed algorithm is evaluated on KITTI and EuRoC datasets, and is compared with SeqSLAM algorithm, which is one of the state of the art loop closure detection algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm could effectively reduce the computing time and get better performance on P-R curve. Conclusion: The new loop closure detection method makes full use of odometry information and image appearance information. The application of the new distance function can effectively reduce the missed detection caused by odometry error accumulation. The algorithm does not require extracting image features or learning stage, and can realize real-time detection and run on the platform with limited computational power.

The persistent influence of viewing environment illumination color on displayed image appearance

Chromatic adaptation considering competing influences from emissive displays and ambient illumination is a little studied topic in the context of color management in proportion to its influence on displayed image appearance. An experiment was conducted to identify the degree to which observers adapt to the white point of natural images on an emissive display versus the color of ambient illumination in the room. The responses of observers had no significant difference from those of a previous experiment which was conducted with roughly the same procedure and conditions on a mobile display with a significantly smaller viewing angle. A model is proposed to predict the degree of adaptation values reported by observers. This model has a form such that it can be re-optimized to fit additional data sets for different viewing scenarios and can be used in conjunction with a number of chromatic adaptation transforms.

Effects of Social Media and Smartphone Use on Body Esteem in Female Adolescents: Testing a Cognitive and Affective Model

We examined the predictive relations of social media and smartphone use to body esteem in female adolescents and the mechanism that underlies these relations. As a result of frequent social media and smartphone use, adolescents are continually exposed to appearance-related media content. This likely reinforces a thin ideal and fosters appearance-based comparison and increases fear of external evaluation. Hence, we investigated a cognitive-affective framework in which the associations of social media and smartphone use with body esteem are serially mediated by cognitive internalization of an ideal body image, appearance comparisons, and social appearance anxiety. By testing female adolescents (N = 100) aged 13 to 18, we found that excessive social media use leads to unhealthy body esteem via intensified cognitive internalization, which aggravates appearance comparisons and anxiety regarding negative appearance evaluation. Further, we found that screen time for specific smartphone activities also harmed body esteem, independent of social media use. However, overall smartphone screen time did not affect body esteem when social media use was taken into consideration. Our findings underscore the multifactor mechanism that elucidates the negative impacts of social media and smartphone activities on body esteem in female adolescents, who are developmentally susceptible to poor body esteem.