Aberrant Prefrontal Cortical-Striatal Functional Connectivity in Children with Primary Complex Motor Stereotypies

Cortex ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Augustine ◽  
Mary Beth Nebel ◽  
Stewart H. Mostofsky ◽  
Mark E. Mahone ◽  
Harvey Singer
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Primary Complex ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Complex Motor

scholarly journals Childhood Maltreatment, Cortical and Amygdala Morphometry, Functional Connectivity, Laterality, and Psychopathology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Teicher ◽  
Alaptagin Khan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
New Information ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Better Than

Child maltreatment (CM) is the most important preventable risk factor for psychopathology and there is a pressing need to understand how CM gets ‘under the skin’ to markedly increase risk in some individuals as well as a comparable effort to identify factors associated with better than expected outcomes in other individuals. This special issue of Child Maltreatment provides a series of sophisticated studies on the neurobiological impact of CM, of which we have chosen 4 articles to comment on.The articles by Oshri et al., and Peveril, Sheridan, Busso & McLaughlin are amygdala centric and provide important new information on the impact of CM on the morphology and functional connectivity of this highly stress susceptible structure. The article by Demers et al., presents data from a longitudinal study that illustrates the potentially disruptive effects of CM on the association between maternal relationship quality, frontal cortical development and symptomatology. Finally, the De Bellis et al., study addresses the pressing question, which we have labeled the ‘ecophenotype hypothesis’, that postulates that maltreated and non-maltreated individuals with the same primary DSM diagnosis are clinically and neurobiologically distinct, and provides new evidence for a specific prefrontal cortical neurobiological abnormality in the maltreated subtype.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological function in children with primary complex motor stereotypies

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Mark Mahone ◽  
Matthew Ryan ◽  
Lisa Ferenc ◽  
Christina Morris-Berry ◽  
Harvey S Singer
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Function ◽  
Primary Complex ◽  
Complex Motor

scholarly journals A specific neural substrate predicting current and future impulsivity in young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Scott Steele ◽  
Michele Bertocci ◽  
Kristen Eckstrand ◽  
Henry W. Chase ◽  
Richelle Stiffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
Amygdala Activity ◽  
Medial Pfc

AbstractImpulsivity (rash action with deleterious outcomes) is common to many psychiatric disorders. While some studies indicate altered amygdala and prefrontal cortical (PFC) activity associated with impulsivity, it remains unclear whether these patterns of neural activity are specific to impulsivity or common to a range of affective and anxiety symptoms. To elucidate neural markers specific to impulsivity, we aimed to differentiate patterns of amygdala–PFC activity and functional connectivity associated with impulsivity from those associated with affective and anxiety symptoms, and identify measures of this circuitry predicting future worsening of impulsivity. Using a face emotion processing task that reliably activates amygdala–PFC circuitry, neural activity and connectivity were assessed in a transdiagnostically-recruited sample of young adults, including healthy (N = 47) and treatment-seeking individuals (N = 67). Relationships were examined between neural measures and impulsivity, anhedonia, and affective and anxiety symptoms at baseline (N = 114), and at 6 months post scan (N = 30). Impulsivity, particularly negative urgency and lack of perseverance, was related to greater amygdala activity (beta = 0.82, p = 0.003; beta = 0.68, p = 0.004; respectively) and lower amygdala–medial PFC functional connectivity (voxels = 60, tpeak = 4.45, pFWE = 0.017; voxels = 335, tpeak = 5.26, pFWE = 0.001; respectively) to facial fear. Left vlPFC, but not amygdala, activity to facial anger was inversely associated with mania/hypomania (beta = −2.08, p = 0.018). Impulsivity 6 months later was predicted by amygdala activity to facial sadness (beta = 0.50, p = 0.017). There were no other significant relationships between neural activity and 6-month anhedonia, affective, and anxiety symptoms. Our findings are the first to associate amygdala–PFC activity and functional connectivity with impulsivity in a large, transdiagnostic sample, providing neural targets for future interventions to reduce predisposition to impulsivity and related future mental health problems in young adults.

scholarly journals Alterations of limbic-prefrontal cortical functional connectivity in the animal model of ADHD and its modulation by Ecklonia Stolonifera Okamura

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S493
Author(s):  
So-Yeon Jeon ◽  
Na-Hyun Kim ◽  
Ye-Jin Kim ◽  
Yukiori Goto ◽  
Jae-Sue Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Ecklonia Stolonifera ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical

scholarly journals Robustness of sex-differences in functional connectivity over time in middle-aged marmosets

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Nephew ◽  
Marcelo Febo ◽  
Ryan Cali ◽  
Kathryn P. Workman ◽  
Laurellee Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Common Marmosets ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are an essential research model for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms of neurocognitive aging in our own species. In the present study, we used resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) to investigate the relationship between prefrontal cortical and striatal neural interactions, and cognitive flexibility, in unanaesthetized common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) at two time points during late middle age (8 months apart, similar to a span of 5–6 years in humans). Based on our previous findings, we also determine the reproducibility of connectivity measures over the course of 8 months, particularly previously observed sex differences in rsFC. Male marmosets exhibited remarkably similar patterns of stronger functional connectivity relative to females and greater cognitive flexibility between the two imaging time points. Network analysis revealed that the consistent sex differences in connectivity and related cognitive associations were characterized by greater node strength and/or degree values in several prefrontal, premotor and temporal regions, as well as stronger intra PFC connectivity, in males compared to females. The current study supports the existence of robust sex differences in prefrontal and striatal resting state networks that may contribute to differences in cognitive function and offers insight on the neural systems that may be compromised in cognitive aging and age-related conditions such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals GABA and Glutamate in Children with Primary Complex Motor Stereotypies: An1H-MRS Study at 7T

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Harris ◽  
H.S. Singer ◽  
A. Horska ◽  
T. Kline ◽  
M. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Complex ◽  
Complex Motor

Children with primary complex motor stereotypies show impaired reactive but not proactive inhibition

Cortex ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Mirabella ◽  
Christian Mancini ◽  
Francesca Valente ◽  
Francesco Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Primary Complex ◽  
Complex Motor
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