scholarly journals Reliability of chest radiograph interpretation for pulmonary tuberculosis in the screening of childhood TB contacts and migrant children in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
S. Andronikou ◽  
D. Grier ◽  
K. Minhas
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Migrant Children ◽  
Childhood Tb ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Radiological Findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Patients with and Without HIV Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhiana binti Hassan ◽  
Haziq Hussaini bin Fauzi ◽  
Kamil Irsyad bin Yusoff ◽  
Muhammad Faizol bin Mohd Satar ◽  
Hafizah bt Pasi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Chest Radiographs ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Radiological Manifestation ◽  
Hiv Negative

Introduction: Radiological manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive patients is different with HIV negative patients. We aim to determine the differences in chest radiological findings of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV and non-HIV infected patients in HTAA. Materials and method: A retrospective study was conducted in Chest Clinic, Hospital Tunku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan Pahang. There were 101 chest radiographs with sputum smear-positive retrieved and reviewed. Socio-demographic status and chest radiographs findings were documented and analyzed. Results: Of the 101 patients, 12 patients were HIV positive. Of the 89 HIV negative patients, 96% had consolidation change on chest radiograph, in contrast with HIV positive patients, only 4% among them had this appearance and this is statistically significant (p value less than 0.05). Mediastinal lymphadenopathy is significantly higher (17%) in HIV positive patients compared to HIV negative patients (1%). Normal chest radiographs were more common in HIV positive patients (33%) as compared to HIV negative patients (2%). Conclusion: HIV positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis exhibit different radiological manifestation on chest radiograph when compared to HIV negative patients.

Chest Radiograph Interpretation of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia, Bacterial Pneumonia, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-Positive Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Boiselle ◽  
Irena Tocino ◽  
Regina J. Hooley ◽  
Andrew S. Pumerantz ◽  
Peter A. Selwyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Hiv Positive

scholarly journals An outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis and a follow-up investigation of latent tuberculosis in a high school in an eastern city in China, 2016–2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247564
Author(s):  
Yirong Fang ◽  
Yan Ma ◽  
Qiaoling Lu ◽  
Jiamei Sun ◽  
Yingxin Pei
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Probable Case ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Latent Tb

Background In October 2016, a senior high school student was diagnosed with sputum-smear positive [SS(+)] pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We conducted an investigation of an outbreak in the school, including among students and teachers diagnosed with latent TB, who we followed until July 2019. Methods We defined latent TB infection (LTBI) as a tuberculin skin test (TST) induration of 15mm or larger; probable TB as a chest radiograph indicative of TB plus productive cough/hemoptysis for at least 2 weeks, or TST induration of 15mm or larger; and confirmed TB as two or more positive sputum smears or one positive sputum smear plus a chest radiograph indicative of TB or culture positive with M. tuberculosis. We conducted mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit–variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing based on 24 loci in the isolates. Results Between October 2016 and July 2019, we identified 52 cases, including nine probable, six confirmed, and 37 LTBI cases. The index case-student had attended school continuously despite having TB symptoms for almost three months before being diagnosed with TB. We obtained three isolates from classmates of the index case in 2016; all had identical MIRU-VNTR alleles with the index case. The LTBI rate was lower among students (7.41%, 30/405) than among teachers (26.92%, 7/26) (rate ratio [RR] = 0.28, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 0.13–0.57). Among the 17 students who had latent TB and refused prophylaxis in October 2016, 23.53% (4/17) became probable/confirmed cases by July 2019. None of the six teachers who also refused prophylaxis became probable or confirmed cases. Of the 176 students who were TST(-) in October 2016, 1.70% (3/176) became probable/confirmed cases, and among the 20 teachers who were TST(-), 1 became a probable case. Conclusions Delayed diagnosis of TB in the index patient may have contributed to the start of this outbreak; lack of post-exposure chemoprophylaxis facilitated spread of the outbreak. Post-exposure prophylaxis is strongly recommended for all TST-positive students; TST-negative students exposed to an SS(+) case should be followed up regularly so that prophylaxis can be started if LTBI is detected.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Patients Presenting with Normal Chest Radiograph and Negative Sputum Smear

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mounika Arrabelli ◽  
Raghuram Reddy Adidala ◽  
Chakrapani Chatla ◽  
Shireesha T ◽  
Suryaprakash Chakramahanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Normal Chest Radiograph ◽  
Normal Chest ◽  
Negative Sputum

Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses and Critical Appraisal of Clinical Prediction Rules for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Hospitals

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenice das Dores Gonçalves ◽  
Sonia Regina Lambert Passos ◽  
Maria Angelica Borges dos Santos ◽  
Carlos Augusto Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
Maria de Fátima Moreira Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Validation Studies ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Prediction ◽  
Prediction Rules ◽  
Meta Analyses

ObjectiveTo systematically review studies evaluating clinical prediction rules (CPRs) for adult inpatients suspected to have pulmonary tuberculosis.DesignSystematic review with meta-analyses.SettingHospitals.PatientsInpatients at least 15 years of age admitted to acute care.MethodsA search was conducted in 5 indexed electronic databases with no language or year of publication restrictions. We performed a meta-analysis for those CPRs with at least 2 validation studies. Results were reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.ResultsOf the 461 abstracts selected, 36 articles were fully analyzed and 11 articles were included, yielding 8 CPRs derived in 4 countries. Broad validation studies were identified for 2 CPRs. The most frequent clinical predictors were fever and weight loss. All CPRs included chest imaging signs. Most CPRs were derived in countries with a low prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and included homeless, immigrants, and those who reacted to the purified protein derivative test. Both of the CPRs derived in countries with a high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis strongly relied on chest radiograph predictors. Accuracy of the different CPRs was high (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.79–0.91). Meta-analysis of 4 validation studies for Wisnivesky´s CPR indicates optimistic pooled results: sensitivity, 94.1% (95% CI, 89.7%–96.7%); negative likelihood ratio, 0.22 (95% CI, 0.12–0.40).ConclusionOn the basis of a critical appraisal of the 2 best validated CPRs, the presence of weight loss and/or fever in inpatients warrants obtaining a chest radiograph, regardless of the presence of productive cough. If the chest radiograph is abnormal, the patient should be placed in isolation until more specific test results are available. Validation in different settings is required to maximize external generalization of existing CPRs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–10

scholarly journals A 15-Year Old Burmese Girl With Hemoptysis: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie McLeod ◽  
Daniel Yeoh ◽  
Cameron Truarn ◽  
Christopher C Blyth ◽  
Asha C Bowen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Paragonimus Westermani ◽  
Original Presentation ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
The Right ◽  
Subsequent Identification

Abstract We report the case of a 15-year-old Burmese girl who presented with hemoptysis 3 years after immigrating to Australia with a background of previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis at 6 years of age. Cavitation in the right upper lobe had originally been identified on her baseline chest radiograph following arrival to Australia; extensive investigations were conducted thereafter to exclude causes of cavitary lung disease; these were negative. Paragonimus westermani was finally diagnosed on serological grounds 3 years after this child’s original presentation, with subsequent identification of P. westermani ova in sputum and in stool. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of Paragonimiasis in children who have traveled to or originate from endemic countries who present with a clinically compatible illness. Treatment is simple and effective. Failure to consider this pathogen early may result in unnecessary investigative workup and delayed diagnosis.

Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as suspected foreign body aspiration

1992 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Irving ◽  
A. Richards ◽  
E. W. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chest Radiograph ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Friable Material ◽  
Preoperative Chest

AbstractTuberculosis is a disease of protean manifestations, and despite a falling incidence is still prevalent in our society.We present a case of a child whose history and preoperative chest radiograph suggested the presence of a foreign body, but subsequent examination of the material removed at endoscopy revealed a diagnosis of tuberculosis. We suggest that all friable material removed from the lower respiratory tract be submitted for microscopy, culture and histopathology with this diagnosis in mind.

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