scholarly journals Evolution of Ovipositor Length in Drosophila suzukii Is Driven by Enhanced Cell Size Expansion and Anisotropic Tissue Reorganization

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2075-2082.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack E. Green ◽  
Matthieu Cavey ◽  
Emmanuelle Médina Caturegli ◽  
Benoit Aigouy ◽  
Nicolas Gompel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ovipositor Length ◽  
Tissue Reorganization

scholarly journals Evolution of ovipositor length in Drosophila suzukii is driven by enhanced cell size expansion and anisotropic tissue reorganization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack E. Green ◽  
Matthieu Cavey ◽  
Emmanuelle Caturegli ◽  
Nicolas Gompel ◽  
Benjamin Prud’homme
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Ovipositor Length ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Isotropic Expansion ◽  
Apical Area

AbstractMorphological diversity is dominated by variation in body proportion. Yet the cellular processes underlying differential growth of morphological traits between species remain largely unknown. Here we compare the ovipositors of two closely related species, Drosophila melanogaster and D. suzukii. D. suzukii has switched its egg-laying niche from rotting to ripe fruit. Along with this shift, the D. suzukii ovipositor has undergone a significant change in size and shape. Using an allometric approach we find that, while adult ovipositor width has hardly changed between the species, D. suzukii ovipositor length is almost double that of D. melanogaster. We show that this size difference mostly arises during a 6-hour time window in the middle of pupal development. We observe that the developing ovipositors of the two species comprise an almost identical number of cells, with a very similar profile of cell shapes and orientations. After cell division stops, we find that the ovipositor area continues to grow through the isotropic expansion of cell apical area. Remarkably, at one point, the rate of cell apical area expansion is more than 4 times faster in D. suzukii than in D. melanogaster. In addition, we find that an anisotropic cellular reorganization of the developing ovipositor results in a net elongation of the tissue, despite the isotropic expansion of cell size, and is enhanced in D. suzukii. Therefore, the quantitative fine-tuning of shared, morphogenetic processes -the rate of cell size expansion and the cellular rearrangements–can drive macroscopic evolutionary changes in organ size and shape.

Spindle scaling mechanisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-396
Author(s):  
Lara K. Krüger ◽  
Phong T. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Spindle Assembly ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Chromosome Separation ◽  
Spindle Elongation ◽  
Protein Gradients ◽  
Spindle Structure

Abstract The mitotic spindle robustly scales with cell size in a plethora of different organisms. During development and throughout evolution, the spindle adjusts to cell size in metazoans and yeast in order to ensure faithful chromosome separation. Spindle adjustment to cell size occurs by the scaling of spindle length, spindle shape and the velocity of spindle assembly and elongation. Different mechanisms, depending on spindle structure and organism, account for these scaling relationships. The limited availability of critical spindle components, protein gradients, sequestration of spindle components, or post-translational modification and differential expression levels have been implicated in the regulation of spindle length and the spindle assembly/elongation velocity in a cell size-dependent manner. In this review, we will discuss the phenomenon and mechanisms of spindle length, spindle shape and spindle elongation velocity scaling with cell size.

Shifts in cell size and community composition of bacterioplankton due to grazing by heterotrophic flagellates: evidence from a marine system

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
MG Weinbauer ◽  
S Suominen ◽  
J Jezbera ◽  
ME Kerros ◽  
S Marro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Heterotrophic Flagellates ◽  
Marine System

Effects of insecticides on adults and eggs of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Cristine Hoffmann Schlesener ◽  
Jutiane Wollmann ◽  
Juliano De Bastos Pazini ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽  
Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ovicidal Effect ◽  
Mere Presence ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
First Time

Drosophila suzukii (Diptera, Drosophilidae) is an exotic species, endemic to Asia and currently a pest to small and stone fruits in several countries of North America and Europe. It was detected in 2013 for the first time in South America, in the south of Brazil. Unlike most drosophilids, this species deserves special attention, because the females are capable of oviposit inside healthy fruits, rendering their sale and export prohibited. Despite the confirmed existence of this species in different states of Brazil, this insect is yet been to be given the pest status. Nevertheless, the mere presence of this species is enough to cause concern to producers of small fruits and to justify further investigation for it’s control, especially chemical control for a possible change in status. Therefore, the goal of this work was to evaluate, in laboratory, mortality of D. suzukii adults and ovicidal effect when exposed to different insecticides registered for species of the Tephritidae and Agromyzidae families in different cultures. The insecticides deltamethrin, dimethoate, spinosad, fenitrothion, phosmet, malathion, methidathion, and zeta-cypermethrin resulted in mortality to 100 % of the subjects three days after the treatment (DAT). Regarding the effects over eggs, it was  established that the insecticides fenitrothion, malathion, and methidathion deemed 100 % of the eggs not viable, followed by phosmet and diflubenzuron, which also caused elevated reduction in the eclosion of larvae two DAT.

1465 - Cell size distribution of planktonic bacteria in shallow lakes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Márton ◽  
Bianka Csitári ◽  
Tamas Felfoldi ◽  
Anna J Szekely ◽  
Attila Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria

Effect of cell size on the energy absorption of closed-cell aluminum foam

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglin Xu ◽  
Jianqing Liu ◽  
Wenbin Gu ◽  
Zhenxiong Wang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Aluminum Foam ◽  
Closed Cell

WAVE CLIMATE OF THE BLACK SEA’S COASTAL WATERS DURING THE LAST THREE DECADES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedor Gippius ◽  
Fedor Gippius ◽  
Stanislav Myslenkov ◽  
Stanislav Myslenkov ◽  
Elena Stoliarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Computational Grid ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Wave Parameters

This study is focused on the alterations and typical features of the wind wave climate of the Black Sea’s coastal waters since 1979 till nowadays. Wind wave parameters were calculated by means of the 3rd-generation numerical spectral wind wave model SWAN, which is widely used on various spatial scales – both coastal waters and open seas. Data on wind speed and direction from the NCEP CFSR reanalysis were used as forcing. The computations were performed on an unstructured computational grid with cell size depending on the distance from the shoreline. Modeling results were applied to evaluate the main characteristics of the wind wave in various coastal areas of the sea.

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