Relationship between wood anatomy, tree-ring widths and wood density of Pinus sylvestris L. and climate at high latitudes in northern Sweden

A fuel wood analysis based on the ‘Principle of Least Effort’ helps to decipher the ecological limitations imposed on prehistoric hunter-gatherers. This study is based on botanical identification of wood charcoal from ‘Swedish middle Mesolithic’ archaeological sites dating from between ca. 9650 and 8300 cal. yr BP in northern Sweden, a period when the land was freshly released from ice cover. Charcoal fragments were analysed based on their anatomical and morphological features and anomalies. Tree-ring thickness gives an indication of the growing conditions experienced by woody plants, the tree-ring curvature provides an indication of the diameter of the pieces of wood used for fuel and the percentage of fragments with spiral thickening indicates the importance of compression or tension wood, which is related to branches or trunks stressed by snow burden or wind. Among the main woody species, the assemblages are dominated by Pinus sylvestris with some Salicaceae trees ( Populus, Salix). Large wood pieces including branches were used as fuel. Several taxa were rarely recorded ( Betula, Sorbus, Ericaceae) or not observed ( Juniperus, Hippophae, Alnus) although their presences were expected based on other local palaeobotanical records. Because (1) charcoal of Pinus sylvestris abounds despite not being a good fuel wood and (2) certain consumable or combustible taxa are scarce ( Betula) or are only present at certain sites (Salicaceae), it appears that Mesolithic hunters were not selective when choosing wood for fuel, although wood was not a limiting factor for the first settlers in northern Sweden. Pine tree-ring width range is within the modern range for the same species, indicating growing conditions similar to those experienced today. The results suggest the occurrence of woodland, probably in the lowlands. During the early-Holocene, trees rapidly covered the land after the ice-sheet melted, facilitating the life of Mesolithic hunters following reindeer herds.

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ABSOLUTE DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL SCALE FOR PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) FROM UJŚCIE (NW POLAND), DATED USING RAPID ATMOSPHERIC 14C CHANGES

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/rdc.2020.116 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Marek Krąpiec ◽

Andrzej Rakowski ◽

Jacek Pawlyta ◽

Damian Wiktorowski ◽

Monika Bolka

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Rings ◽

Matching Method ◽

Early Middle Ages ◽

Rapid Changes ◽

Absolute Age ◽

Nw Poland

ABSTRACT Radiocarbon (14C) analyses are commonly used to determine the absolute age of floating tree-ring chronologies. At best, with the wiggle-matching method, a precision of 10 years could be achieved. For the early Middle Ages, this situation has been markedly improved by the discovery of rapid changes in atmospheric 14C concentrations in tree-rings dated to 774/775 and 993/994 AD. These high-resolution changes can be used to secure other floating tree-ring sequences to within 1-year accuracy. While a number of studies have used the 774 even to secure floating tree-ring sequences, the less abrupt 993 event has not been so well utilized. This study dates a floating pine chronology from Ujście in Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) (NW Poland), which covers the 10th century period and is critical for studies on the beginning of the Polish State to the calendar years 859–1085 AD using the changes in single year radiocarbon around 993/4 AD.

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Rootstock effect on tree-ring traits in grapevine under a climate change scenario

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-20170199 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 145-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Veronica De Micco ◽

Enrica Zalloni ◽

Giovanna Battipaglia ◽

Arturo Erbaggio ◽

Pasquale Scognamiglio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Wood Anatomy ◽

Climate Change Scenario ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Change Scenario ◽

Volcanic Area ◽

Plant Cultivation ◽

Wood Traits ◽

Projected Changes ◽

Drought Occurrence

ABSTRACTProjected changes in drought occurrence in the Mediterranean region are raising concerns about the adaptive capability of rainfed crops, such as grapevine, to increasing aridity. Cultivation management, especially the techniques influencing the hydraulic pathway, can play a role in plant adaptation to drought for the consequent changes in wood anatomical functional traits. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of grafting on wood anatomy in tree-ring series ofVitis vini-feraL. ‘Piedirosso’ grapevine cultivated in a volcanic area in Southern Italy. Tree-ring anatomy was analysed in vines grown on their own roots or grafted onto 420A rootstock. Results showed that grafted vines had a higher occurrence of wood traits linked with safety of water transport if compared with non-grafted vines. Grafting induced the formation of tree rings with higher incidence of latewood also characterised by narrower and more frequent vessels if compared with non-grafted vines. This study suggested a different regulation of water flow in the grafted and non-grafted vines. Such findings support the analysis of wood anatomy as a tool to drive decisions linked with plant cultivation management. In this specific case, our results encourage to further explore the change from a traditional cultivation with own-rooted grapevines towards grafted models inducing better xylem adaptation to increasing drought.

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Cataclysmic response to recent cooling of a natural boreal pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in northern Sweden

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb04917.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

LEIF KULLMAN

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Northern Sweden

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Different climate response of three tree ring proxies of Pinus sylvestris from the Eastern Carpathians, Romania

Dendrochronologia ◽

10.1016/j.dendro.2019.02.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 56-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Viorica Nagavciuc ◽

Cătălin-Constantin Roibu ◽

Monica Ionita ◽

Andrei Mursa ◽

Mihai-Gabriel Cotos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Climate Response ◽

Eastern Carpathians

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Comparisons of radial growth and tree-ring cellulose δ13C for Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in natural and plantation forests on sandy lands

Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1080/13416979.2017.1288775 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 160-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lining Song ◽

Mingcai Li ◽

Jiaojun Zhu ◽

Jinxin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Plantation Forests ◽

Tree Ring Cellulose

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Do tree ring δ13C series from Pinus sylvestris in northern Fennoscandia contain long-term non-climatic trends?

Chemical Geology ◽

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.01.013 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 252 (1-2) ◽

pp. 42-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Mary Gagen ◽

Danny McCarroll ◽

Iain Robertson ◽

Neil J. Loader ◽

Risto Jalkanen

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Climatic Trends ◽

Northern Fennoscandia

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The influence of climate on 13C/12C and 18O/16O ratios in tree ring cellulose of Pinus sylvestris L. growing in the central Scandinavian Mountains

Chemical Geology ◽

10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.04.006 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kristina Seftigen ◽

Hans W. Linderholm ◽

Neil J. Loader ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Giles H.F. Young

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Tree Ring Cellulose

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Seasonal shift in the climate responses of Pinus sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, and Larix sibirica trees from semi-arid, north-central Mongolia

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x11-051 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1242-1255 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Louis De Grandpré ◽

Jacques C. Tardif ◽

Amy Hessl ◽

Neil Pederson ◽

France Conciatori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Ring ◽

Growing Season ◽

Larix Sibirica ◽

Pinus Sibirica ◽

North Central ◽

Central Mongolia ◽

False Rings ◽

Seasonal Shift ◽

Semi Arid

In light of a significant increase in the warming trend observed in recent decades in semi-arid Mongolia, tree-ring attributes and anomalies were analysed to detect potential changes in the growth–climate relationship. In a moisture-limited environment, an increase in temperature could cause a shift in the seasonal response of trees to climate. Chronologies were developed for the dominant tree species (Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, and Pinus sylvestris L.) from north-central Mongolia. In addition to annual ring width, both earlywood and latewood width were measured, and tree-ring anomalies such as false rings and light rings were systematically identified. Earlywood width was mainly associated with precipitation in the year prior to ring formation and early growing season conditions. Temperature was associated with current year growth and mainly influenced latewood development. False rings were good indicators of early summer droughts, whereas light rings were mainly associated with a cold end of summer. A seasonal shift in the significance of monthly climate variables was observed in recent decades. This displacement presumably resulted from changes in the timing and duration of the growing season. Tree growth starts earlier in spring and is now affected by late summer to early autumn climate conditions.

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