RO applications in China: History, current status, and driving forces

Desalination ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 397 ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofen Chen ◽  
Zhenxing Zhang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Rong Cheng ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Participation of community in the implementation of new rural development program in Tra Vinh province: Status and solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Minh T. N. Doan
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
External Driving

The study aimed to evaluate the current status and proposed solutions for improving the engagement of communities in development of New rural village in Tra Vinh province. The study was conducted in 3 districts of Tra Vinh province namely Tra Cu, Tieu Can and Cang Long districts by interviewing of 405 households. Statistical descriptive analysis, factor analysis, problem tree and solution tree were used. Results showed that the levels of participation depended on the wealth of household groups (rich, medium, poor and near poor). Rich household group contributed more than other groups. Three factors were found as influencing factors to the participation of communities such as (1) Culture, social situation and public services, (2) Planning, infrastructure and production organization, (3) Household status and local government, with human, social, financial and physical capital figures. Based on the analysis, two overall solution groups (internal and external driving forces) from 2 main problems (subjective and objective factors) were proposed (1) Upgrading individual household capacity and (2) Improving attractive factors of community participation.

The Future of the Shortgrass Steppe

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid C. Burke ◽  
William K. Lauenroth
Keyword(s):  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
The Future ◽  
One Year

Where lies the future of the shortgrass steppe? In prior chapters we have described the remarkable resilience of the shortgrass steppe ecosystem and its organisms to past drought and grazing, and their sensitivity to other types of change. Emerging from this analysis is the idea of vulnerability to two main forces: future changes in precipitation or water availability, and direct human impacts. What are the likely changes in the shortgrass steppe during the next several decades? Which of the changes are most likely to affect major responses in the plants, animals, and ecosystem services of the shortgrass steppe? In this chapter we evaluate the current status of the shortgrass steppe and its potential responses to three sets of factors that will be driving forces for the future of the steppe: land-use change, atmospheric change, and changes in diseases. Referring to the early 1900s, James Michener in his novel Centennial (1974) wrote the following:… The old two-part system that had prevailed at the end of the nineteenth century— rancher and irrigator—was now a tripartite cooperation: the rancher used the rougher upland prairie; the irrigation farmer kept to the bottom lands; and the drylands gambler plowed the sweeping 0 eld in between, losing his seed money one year, reaping a fortune the next, depending on the rain. It was an imaginative system, requiring three different types of man, three different attitudes toward life. . . . (p. 1081)… Even today, because of the strong water limitation for cropping, the shortgrass steppe remains relatively intact, or at least unplowed, in contrast to other grassland ecosystems (Samson and Knopf, 1994). More than half of the shortgrass steppe remains in untilled, landscape-scale tracts, compared with only 9% of tallgrass prairie and 39% of mixed-grass prairie (The Nature Conservancy, 2003). These large tracts, including those in the national grasslands (Pawnee, Cimarron, Comanche, and Kiowa/Rita Blanca), provide the greatest opportunity for preserving key ecological processes and biological diversity.

The Grid as a Healthcare Provision Tool

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Blanquer ◽  
V. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
The Status ◽  
Promising Area

Summary Objectives: This paper presents a survey on HealthGrid technologies, describing the current status of Grid and eHealth and analyzing them in the medium-term future. The objective is to analyze the key points, barriers and driving forces for the take-up of HealthGrids. Methods: The article considers the procedures from other Grid disciplines such as high energy physics or biomolecular engineering and discusses the differences with respect to healthcare. It analyzes the status of the basic technology, the needs of the eHealth environment and the successes of current projects in health and other relevant disciplines. Results: Information and communication technology (ICT) in healthcare is a promising area for the use of the Grid. There are many driving forces that are fostering the application of the secure, pervasive, ubiquitous and transparent access to information and computing resources that Grid technologies can provide. However, there are many barriers that must be solved. Many technical problems that arise in eHealth (standardization of data, federation of databases, content-based knowledge extraction, and management of personal data …) can be solved with Grid technologies. Conclusions: The article presents the development of successful and demonstrative applications as the key for the take-up of HealthGrids, where short-term future medical applications will surely be biocomputing-oriented, and the future of Grid technologies on medical imaging seems promising. Finally, exploitation of HealthGrid is analyzed considering the curve of the adoption of ICT solutions and the definition of business models, which are far more complex than in other e-business technologies such ASP.

scholarly journals Developments in the UK road transport from a smart cities perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subashini Suresh ◽  
Suresh Renukappa ◽  
Abdul-Rashid Abdul-Aziz ◽  
Yogeswary Paloo ◽  
Haddy Jallow
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk

PurposeA smart city is a city that functions in a sustainable and intelligent way, by integrating all of its infrastructures and services in a cohesive way using intelligent devices for monitoring and control, to ensure efficiency and better quality of life for its citizens. As other countries globally, the UK is keen on economic development and investment in smart-city missions to create interest in monetary environment and inward investment. This paper aims to explore the driving forces of smart road transport transformation and implementation in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved interviews with 16 professionals from the UK road transport sector. A semi-structured interview technique was used to collect experts' perception, which was then examined using content analysis.FindingsThe results of the study revealed that the technological advancement is a key driver. The main challenges faced during the implementation of smart-city elements in the UK road network are lack of investment, maintenance, state of readiness and the awareness of the smart road transport concept. The study concludes that an understanding of the concept of smart cities from a road transport perspective is very important to create awareness of the benefits and the way it works. A wider collaboration between every sector is crucial to create a successful smart city.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the field of digitalisation of road transport sector. This paper reveals the key driving forces of smart road transport transformation, the current status of smart road transport implementation in the UK and challenges of the smart road transport development in the UK.

scholarly journals The Global Dimension of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease: Current Status and Breeding Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Zhe Yan ◽  
Anne-Marie A. Wolters ◽  
Jesús Navas-Castillo ◽  
Yuling Bai
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and a group of related begomoviruses is an important disease which in recent years has caused serious economic problems in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production worldwide. Spreading of the vectors, whiteflies of the Bemisia tabaci complex, has been responsible for many TYLCD outbreaks. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of TYLCV and TYLV-like begomoviruses and the driving forces of the increasing global significance through rapid evolution of begomovirus variants, mixed infection in the field, association with betasatellites and host range expansion. Breeding for host plant resistance is considered as one of the most promising and sustainable methods in controlling TYLCD. Resistance to TYLCD was found in several wild relatives of tomato from which six TYLCV resistance genes (Ty-1 to Ty-6) have been identified. Currently, Ty-1 and Ty-3 are the primary resistance genes widely used in tomato breeding programs. Ty-2 is also exploited commercially either alone or in combination with other Ty-genes (i.e., Ty-1, Ty-3 or ty-5). Additionally, screening of a large collection of wild tomato species has resulted in the identification of novel TYLCD resistance sources. In this review, we focus on genetic resources used to date in breeding for TYLCVD resistance. For future breeding strategies, we discuss several leads in order to make full use of the naturally occurring and engineered resistance to mount a broad-spectrum and sustainable begomovirus resistance.

Study of Employee Innovative Behavior in Sri Lankan Software Companies

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanmuganathan Vasanthapriyan
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Software Companies ◽  
New Ideas

Along with the advancement of the technology, software companies have to face a huge competition in the global market. To face this competition, innovations can be used as a strategic weapon. As employees are the main driving forces of innovation, their behavior can be a crucial factor in boosting innovation. Innovative behavior is referred as the introduction and application of new ideas, products, processes, and procedures to a person's work role or an organization. This behavior directly affects innovation performance of an organization. The main aim of this study is to identify the factors that affect employee innovative behavior and their effect in Sri Lankan software companies using a quantitative methodology. Apart from that, this study provides a conclusive summary of the current status of innovative behavior of employees. The initial step mapping study was done to find the past literature related to the research topic. From that study, 17 papers were identified as primary studies.

An Explanatory Approach to the ASP Industry Evolution Where IT Services Move from P-service to E-service

2011 ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Dohoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Application Service Provider ◽  
It Services ◽  
Application Service ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
And Performance

This chapter introduces the ASP (Application Service Provider) industry which provides essential infrastructure for the Internet-based e-business transactions. First introduced is the current status of the ASP industry with some industry analysis focusing on the driving forces shaping the evolutionary changes. Then, emerging ASP business models are classified and analyzed in order to assess their positions in the competitive landscape based on the economies of scale. We also explore the prerequisites for the success of each ASP business model. Lastly, a conceptual model is provided to predict some possible scenarios of the evolution of the industry structure. For example, we identify the prerequisites for the ASP business models to develop themselves into XSPs (eXtended Service Providers), and develop a scenario for that evolutionary path. The proposed framework will present a deep insight into the e-transformation and a way to improve enterprise intelligence and performance through ASPs.

Halogen‐free laminates: worldwide trends, driving forces and current status

Circuit World ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme De Boysère ◽  
Adrian Beard
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Halogen Free

Current status of special planetary and lunar theories and ephemerides

1966 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
R. L. Duncombe
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Numerical Errors

An examination of some specialized lunar and planetary ephemerides has revealed inconsistencies in the adopted planetary masses, the presence of non-gravitational terms, and some outright numerical errors. They should be considered of temporary usefulness only, subject to subsequent amendment as required for the interpretation of observational data.

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