HDL2-cholesterol/HDL3-cholesterol ratio was associated with insulin resistance, high-molecular-weight adiponectin, and components for metabolic syndrome in Japanese

ABSTRACT Background The onset of menopause increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with insulin sensitivity that is lower in people with MetS. Supplementing diets with linoleic acid (LA)-rich oil increased adiponectin concentrations and improved glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes. The effect of LA on adipokines, especially total and the bioactive form of adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, in women with MetS is unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to explore the effect of supplementation of the diet with an oil rich in LA on adipokines in women with MetS. The effect of the LA-rich oil (LA-oil) on oxylipins, key metabolites that may influence inflammation and metabolism, was also explored. Methods In this open-label single-arm pilot study, 18 postmenopausal nondiabetic women with MetS enrolled in a 2-phase study were instructed to consume LA-rich vegetable oil (10 mL/d) as part of their habitual diets. Women consumed an oleic acid–rich oil (OA-oil) for 4 wk followed by an LA-oil for 16 wk. Fasting concentrations of adipokines, fatty acids, oxylipins, and markers of glycemia and inflammation were measured. Results After 4 wk of OA-oil consumption, fasting glucose and total adiponectin concentrations decreased whereas fasting C-reactive protein increased. After 16 wk of LA-oil supplementation total and HMW adiponectin and plasma oxylipins increased. Markers of inflammation and glycemia were unchanged after LA-oil consumption. Conclusions Supplementation with LA-oil increased total and HMW adiponectin concentrations and altered plasma oxylipin profiles. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the links between these changes and MetS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02063165.

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High Molecular Weight, Rather than Total, Adiponectin Levels Better Reflect Metabolic Abnormalities Associated with Childhood Obesity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-1051 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (12) ◽

pp. 5113-5116 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

Shunsuke Araki ◽

Kazushige Dobashi ◽

Kazuyasu Kubo ◽

Kohtaro Asayama ◽

Akira Shirahata

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Molecular Weight ◽

High Molecular Weight ◽

University Hospital ◽

Metabolic Abnormalities ◽

Obese Children ◽

High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Metabolic Derangement ◽

Total Adiponectin

Abstract Context: Japanese are prone to obesity-induced metabolic derangement, which is linked to serum adipocytokine profile even in children. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether high molecular-weight adiponectin (H-Adn) more specifically relates to metabolic derangement in obese children than total adiponectin (T-Adn). Design and Setting: A case (n = 59) control (n = 28) study was performed at the pediatric clinic of a university hospital. Patients: Japanese obese children (38 boys and 21 girls) were consecutively enrolled. The ages ranged from 5 to 15 (10.3 ± 0.3; mean ± sem) yr. Nonobese children (15 boys and 13 girls) were assigned as age-matched controls. Main Outcome Measures: Serum adiponectin multimeric complexes were assayed by an ELISA kit. The relationship of adiponectin to metabolic abnormalities was evaluated. Results: T-Adn (5.1 ± 0.2 vs. 8.8 ± 0.4 μg/ml), H-Adn (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 4.8 ± 0.4 μg/ml), and medium molecular weight-Adn were significantly lower in obese than in control children. After adjustment for age and sex, both T- and H-Adn were inversely correlated with insulin and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance, whereas H-Adn (but not T-Adn) inversely correlated with visceral fat area, as determined by computed tomography. Seven obese children were estimated to have metabolic syndrome and showed selective decrease in H-Adn and H/T-Adn. Conclusion: H-Adn reflects metabolic abnormalities due to obesity better than T-Adn in children. H-Adn is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, even in childhood.

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