scholarly journals Surveillance of iclaprim activity: In vitro susceptibility of gram-positive pathogens collected from 2012 to 2014 from the United States, Asia Pacific, Latin American and Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Huang ◽  
Thomas M. File ◽  
Matthew Dryden ◽  
G. Ralph Corey ◽  
Antoni Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

Assessment of Laboratory Performance With Streptococcus pneumoniae Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in the United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary V. Doern ◽  
Angela B. Brueggemann ◽  
Michael A. Pfaller ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Committee ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Abstract Objective.—To assess the performance of clinical microbiology laboratories in the United States when conducting in vitro susceptibility tests with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods.—The results of a nationwide College of American Pathologists Proficiency Survey test sample, in which susceptibility testing of an isolate of S pneumoniae was performed, were assessed with respect to precision and accuracy. Results.—Wide variability was noted among participating laboratories with both minimum inhibitory concentration procedures and disk diffusion susceptibility tests when both methods were applied to S pneumoniae. Despite this high degree of variation, categorical interpretive errors were uncommon. Numerous laboratories reported results for antimicrobial agents that are not recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for tests with S pneumoniae. Conclusions.—Current susceptibility testing practices with S pneumoniae in the United States indicate limited precision and a tendency for laboratories to test and report results obtained with antimicrobial agents of questionable therapeutic value against this organism. Continued efforts to standardize susceptibility testing of S pneumoniae in the United States are warranted. In addition, modifications of existing interpretive criteria may be necessary.

In vitro susceptibility of ceftolozane/tazobactam against typhoidal, non-typhoidal and extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Salmonella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade L. L. Teng ◽  
Elaine Chan ◽  
Asher C. H. Dai ◽  
Gillian Ng ◽  
Tsz Tuen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Esbl Producers

Both typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellae are included in the top 15 drug-resistant threats described by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States. There is an urgent need to look for alternative antibiotics for the treatment of Salmonella infections. We examined the in vitro susceptibilities of ceftolozane/tazobactam and six other antibiotics on typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellae, including isolates that are extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive, using the broth microdilution test. Of the 313 (52 typhoidal and 261 non-typhoidal) Salmonella isolates tested, 98.7% were susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam. Based on the overall MIC 50/90 values, Salmonella isolates were more susceptible to ceftolozane/tazobactam (0.25/0.5 mg/L) compared to all other comparator agents: ampicillin (≥64/≥64 mg/L), levofloxacin (0.25/1 mg/L), azithromycin (4/16 mg/L), ceftriaxone (≤0.25/4 mg/L), chloramphenicol (8/≥64 mg/L) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (1/≥8 mg/L). When comparing the activity of the antimicrobial agents against non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates according to their serogroup, ceftolozane/tazobactam had the highest activity (100%) against Salmonella serogroups D, G, I and Q isolates, whereas the lowest activity (85.7%) was observed against serogroup E isolates. All the 10 ESBL-producing Salmonella (all non-typhoidal) isolates, of which 8 were CTX-M-55-producers and 2 were CTX-M-65-producers, were sensitive to ceftolozane/tazobactam albeit with a higher MIC 50/90 value (1/2 mg/L) than non-ESBL-producers (0.25/0.5 mg/L). In summary, our data indicate that ceftolozane/tazobactam is active against most strains of both typhoidal and non-typhoidal salmonellae and also active against ESBL-producing salmonellae.

scholarly journals Global Dissemination ofblaKPCinto Bacterial Species beyond Klebsiella pneumoniae andIn VitroSusceptibility to Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam-Avibactam

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 4490-4500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna M. Kazmierczak ◽  
Douglas J. Biedenbach ◽  
Meredith Hackel ◽  
Sharon Rabine ◽  
Boudewijn L. M. de Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Problem

ABSTRACTTheKlebsiella pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC), first described in the United States in 1996, is now a widespread global problem in several Gram-negative species. A worldwide surveillance study collected Gram-negative pathogens from 202 global sites in 40 countries during 2012 to 2014 and determined susceptibility to β-lactams and other class agents by broth microdilution testing. Molecular mechanisms of β-lactam resistance among carbapenem-nonsusceptibleEnterobacteriaceaeandPseudomonas aeruginosawere determined using PCR and sequencing. Genes encoding KPC enzymes were found in 586 isolates from 22 countries (76 medical centers), including countries in the Asia-Pacific region (32 isolates), Europe (264 isolates), Latin America (210 isolates), and the Middle East (19 isolates, Israel only) and the United States (61 isolates). The majority of isolates wereK. pneumoniae(83.4%); however, KPC was detected in 13 additional species. KPC-2 (69.6%) was more common than KPC-3 (29.5%), with regional variation observed. A novel KPC variant, KPC-18 (KPC-3[V8I]), was identified during the study. Few antimicrobial agents tested remained effectivein vitroagainst KPC-producing isolates, with ceftazidime-avibactam (MIC90, 4 μg/ml), aztreonam-avibactam (MIC90, 0.5 μg/ml), and tigecycline (MIC90, 2 μg/ml) retaining the greatest activity againstEnterobacteriaceaecocarrying KPC and other β-lactamases, whereas colistin (MIC90, 2 μg/ml) demonstrated the greatestin vitroactivity against KPC-positiveP. aeruginosa. This analysis of surveillance data demonstrated that KPC is widely disseminated. KPC was found in multiple species ofEnterobacteriaceaeandP. aeruginosaand has now become a global problem.

The Americas in the Trans-Pacific Partnership

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubrick Biegon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
The Cold War

Following the end of the Cold War, the hegemony of the United States in Latin America was intimately related to the globalization of the hemispheric political economy. Free-trade agreements (FTAs) were crucial to this process, helping to extend and entrench the neoliberal model. As a result of the region’s political turn to the left during the 2000s, however, the Washington Consensus became increasingly untenable. As U.S. trade policy subsequently moved in the direction of a “post-Washington Consensus,” the “Pink Tide” fostered the creation of Latin American-led approaches to integration independent of the United States. In this context, the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) was designed to catalyse a new wave of (neo)liberalization among its 12 participating countries, including the United States, Canada, Chile, Peru, and Mexico. The TPP codified an updated and comprehensive set of rules on an array of trade and investment disciplines not covered in existing agreements. Strategically linking the Asia-Pacific to the Americas, but excluding China, the TPP responded to China’s growing economic presence in Asia and Latin America. Largely a creation of U.S. foreign economic policy, the United States withdrew from the TPP prior to its ratification and following the election of Donald Trump as U.S. president. The remaining 11 countries signed a more limited version of the agreement, known as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which is open to future participation by the United States and other countries in Asia and Latin America. The uncertainties in the TPP process represented the further erosion of Washington’s “free trade” consensus, reflecting, among other things, a crisis of U.S. hegemony in the Americas.

scholarly journals JNJ-Q2, a New Fluoroquinolone with PotentIn VitroActivity against Staphylococcus aureus, Including Methicillin- and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Strains

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 3631-3634 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Lisa C. Liverman ◽  
Douglas J. Biedenbach ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skin Structure ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACTJNJ-Q2 is a broad-spectrum bactericidal fluoroquinolone with potent activity against Gram-positive and -negative pathogens. In this study, thein vitroactivity of JNJ-Q2 was evaluated against 511 selectedStaphylococcus aureussamples isolated in 2008-2009 from patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections in the United States by using reference methodology. JNJ-Q2 was the most potent fluoroquinolone tested overall (MIC50and MIC90, 0.12 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively) and against methicillin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant subgroups in direct comparisons to moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin (each being ≥16-fold less potent than JNJ-Q2).

scholarly journals Baseline Study To Determine In Vitro Activities of Daptomycin against Gram-Positive Pathogens Isolated in the United States in 2000-2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1689-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
Renée S. Blosser-Middleton ◽  
Mark E. Jones ◽  
Clyde Thornsberry ◽  
Daniel F. Sahm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Positive Spectrum

ABSTRACT The activity of daptomycin was assessed by using 6,973 gram-positive bacteria isolated at 50 United States hospitals in 2000 and 2001. Among the isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 1,163) collected, the rate of penicillin resistance was 16.1%; rates of oxacillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 1,018) and vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus faecium isolates (n = 368) were 30.0 and 59.5%, respectively. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes (isolates resistant to three or more different chemical classes of antimicrobial agents) accounted for 14.2% of S. pneumoniae isolates, 27.1% of S. aureus isolates, and 58.4% of E. faecium isolates. For all gram-positive species tested, MICs at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited (MIC90s) and MIC ranges for directed-spectrum agents (daptomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and linezolid) were identical or highly similar for isolates susceptible or resistant to other agents or MDR. Daptomycin had a MIC90 of 0.12 μg/ml for both penicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates of S. pneumoniae. Against oxacillin-resistant S. aureus daptomycin had a MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml, and it had a MIC90 of 4 μg/ml against both vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant E. faecium. The MIC90s for daptomycin and other directed-spectrum agents were unaffected by the regional or anatomical origin of isolates or patient demographic parameters (patient age, gender, and inpatient or outpatient care). Our results confirm the gram-positive spectrum of activity of daptomycin and that its activity is independent of susceptibility or resistance to commonly prescribed and tested antimicrobial agents. This study may serve as a baseline to monitor future changes in the susceptibility of gram-positive species to daptomycin following its introduction into clinical use.

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