Sex/gender differences and the impact of risk factors and psychosocial functioning on the time to re-arrest among offenders treated for substance use

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. e246
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
K. Knight ◽  
G.W. Joe ◽  
Grace A. Rowan-Szal ◽  
Wayne E. Lehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Smoking Among an Urban Emergency Department Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1179173X1987913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol B Cunradi ◽  
Juliet Lee ◽  
Anna Pagano ◽  
Raul Caetano ◽  
Harrison J Alter
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Food Insufficiency ◽  
Polysubstance Use ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Emergency Department

Background: Urban emergency department (ED) patients have elevated smoking and substance use compared with the general population. We analyzed gender differences in smoking among an urban ED sample and assessed the contribution of substance use, demographic, and couple factors. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from a cross-sectional, observational survey (N = 1037 participants) on drinking, drug use, and intimate partner violence (IPV). Gender-specific logistic regression models for current (past 30-day) smoking and multinomial regression models for smoking intensity (light: ⩽5 cigarettes per day [CPD]; moderate: 6 to 10 CPD; heavier: >10 CPD) were estimated. Results: Smoking prevalence was higher among men than women (35.5% vs 18.9%; P < .001). Substance use (frequency of intoxication, marijuana, amphetamine, and cocaine use), demographic (food insufficiency, unemployment), and couple-related factors (having a spouse/partner who smoked, IPV involvement, being in a same-gender couple) were differentially associated with current smoking and level of intensity among men and women. Conclusions: Emergency department staff should consider the impact of polysubstance use, food insufficiency, unemployment, and whether both partners in the couple smoke when screening patients for smoking and formulating cessation treatment plans. Women in same-gender relationships and those who have experienced IPV involvement may require additional referral.

scholarly journals Testing a developmental cascade model of adolescent substance use trajectories and young adult adjustment

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Lynne-Landsman ◽  
Catherine P. Bradshaw ◽  
Nicholas S. Ialongo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Growth Mixture Modeling ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adult Adjustment ◽  
Adjustment Outcomes

AbstractDevelopmental models highlight the impact of early risk factors on both the onset and growth of substance use, yet few studies have systematically examined the indirect effects of risk factors across several domains, and at multiple developmental time points, on trajectories of substance use and adult adjustment outcomes (e.g., educational attainment, mental health problems, criminal behavior). The current study used data from a community epidemiologically defined sample of 678 urban, primarily African American youth, followed from first grade through young adulthood (age 21) to test a developmental cascade model of substance use and young adult adjustment outcomes. Drawing upon transactional developmental theories and using growth mixture modeling procedures, we found evidence for a developmental progression from behavioral risk to adjustment problems in the peer context, culminating in a high-risk trajectory of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use during adolescence. Substance use trajectory membership was associated with adjustment in adulthood. These findings highlight the developmental significance of early individual and interpersonal risk factors on subsequent risk for substance use and, in turn, young adult adjustment outcomes.

Methamphetamine dependence and domestic violence among police detainees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Morgan ◽  
Alexandra Gannoni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cannabis Dependence ◽  
Methamphetamine Dependence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Integrated Responses ◽  
Underlying Risk

This study explores the relationship between methamphetamine dependence and domestic violence among male police detainees interviewed as part of the Drug Use Monitoring in Australia program. Detainees who were dependent on methamphetamine reported high rates of domestic violence. They were significantly more likely to have been violent towards an intimate partner in the previous 12 months than detainees who used methamphetamine but were not dependent. Similar patterns were observed for detainees who reported cannabis dependence. Attitudes minimising the impact of violence were also associated with an increased likelihood of domestic violence. The results illustrate the importance of integrated responses that address the co-occurrence of substance use disorders and domestic violence, and the underlying risk factors for both harmful behaviours.

Gender Differences in Early Life Risk Factors for Substance Use/Abuse: A Study of an African-American Sample

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred S Friedman ◽  
Samuel Granick ◽  
Shirley Bransfield ◽  
Cheryl Kreisher ◽  
Jag Khalsa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Early Life ◽  
American Sample ◽  
African American Sample

Abstract WP385: Gender Differences in Nutritional Status After a Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Sanjuan Menendez ◽  
Fidel Lopez Espuela ◽  
Juan Carlos Portilla ◽  
Katherine E Santana ◽  
Marta Holguin Mohedas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Malnutrition has been associated with a worse outcome in stroke. Its frequency is not well established and sometimes the impact is not considered. Objective: To explore gender differences on nutritional status (NS) after acute stroke and its impact on stroke outcome at 90 days. Methods: We evaluated consecutive acute stroke patients admitted to the Stroke Unit. We analyzed baseline demographics, vascular risk factors, analytic and anthropometric parameters, and stroke characteristics. We determined NS at baseline and 90 days by Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) scale to detect patients at malnutrition risk (MR). We divided groups by gender. Chi square test was applied for qualitative variables and T student for quantitative. A probability value of <0.05 was considered significant for all tests. Results: We included 95 patients, 45 women (47,4%). Differences were found comparing women vs men and age (77,9 ± 1,02 vs 75,1 ± 0,9), alcohol consumption (6,7% vs 60%), smoking (4,4% vs 26%) and body mass index (30,1 ± 5,1 vs 27,3 ± 4,5); p<0.05. There were no significant differences related to gender and stroke type (ischemic 88,9% vs 84%, p=0.49) nor stroke severity at baseline (NIHSS 5±4 vs 4±4 p=0.18), neither in risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, dislipidemia), comorbidities nor socioeconomic differences. There were no gender differences in the occurrence of in-hospital complications (27,3% vs 16,3%; p=0,2), dysphagia (6,7% vs 6,0%; p=0.89) nor in NIHSS scoring at discharge (3±3 vs 2±3; p=0.08). On admission, MR was present in 28,5% of the patients. There were no differences between gender and DR (31,1% vs 26%; p=0.58). At 90 days, MR increased to 46,4%. We found significant gender differences (57,8% vs 32%; p=0.024). In the adjusted analysis, female gender was associated with a worst NS at 90days [OR 3,56 (1,1-11,5)]. Modified Rankin scale (mRs) score at 90 days was <=2 in 77,8% of women and 82% of men, p=0.607. MNA score at 90 days was independently associated with a better outcome (mRs<=2) at 90 days adjusted by gender OR 0,13 (0,14-0,46). Conclusion: In our series, female gender was independently related to worse nutritional status at 90 days after the stroke.

Developing a Model to Address Mental Health, Substance Use, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Home Visiting Clients

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Darius Tandon ◽  
Deborah F. Perry ◽  
Karen Edwards ◽  
Tamar Mendelson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Psychosocial Risks ◽  
The Impact

Perinatal women enrolled in home visiting (HV) programs exhibit high rates of depression, substance use, and intimate partner violence (IPV). While HV programs have increasingly screened for these psychosocial risks, initiation and uptake of community-based services to address these risks remain challenging. This project used a community-engaged research approach to engage key HV stakeholders in developing the screening, referral, and individualized prevention and treatment (SCRIPT) model. We highlight how a group of key HV stakeholders—the SCRIPT Advisory Panel—collaborated with academic researchers to develop the SCRIPT model by reviewing literature on HV programs’ response to psychosocial risk factors and qualitative data obtained from mental health, substance use, and IPV service providers to whom HV programs referred clients. SCRIPT focuses on (a) screening for psychosocial risks, (b) developing partnerships with outside agencies to address these risk factors, and (c) establishing concrete and systematic processes for client referral and monitoring with outside agencies. SCRIPT provides a structured model for HV programs to systematically identify clients for key psychosocial risks and structure their referral and monitoring process when working with social service agencies. Future work should examine the impact of SCRIPT on mental health, substance use, and IPV service access and use by a vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Early onset of cannabis use and violent behavior in psychosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Moulin ◽  
Luis Alameda ◽  
David Framorando ◽  
Philipp-S Baumann ◽  
Mehdi Gholam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Although evidence from psychosis patients demonstrates the adverse effects of cannabis use (CU) at a young age and that the rate of CU is high in subgroups of young violent patients with psychotic disorders, little is known about the possible effect of the age of onset of CU on later violent behaviors (VB). So, we aimed to explore the impact of age at onset of CU on the risk of displaying VB in a cohort of early psychosis patients. Method: Data were collected prospectively over a 36-month period in the context of an early psychosis cohort study. A total of 265 patients, aged 18–35 years, were included in the study. Logistic regression was performed to assess the link between age of onset of substance use and VB. Results: Among the 265 patients, 72 had displayed VB and 193 had not. While violent patients began using cannabis on average at age 15.29 (0.45), nonviolent patients had started on average at age 16.97 (0.35) (p = 0.004). Early-onset CU (up to age 15) was a risk factor for VB (odds ratio = 4.47, confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–20.06) when the model was adjusted for age group, other types of substance use, being a user or a nonuser and various violence risk factors and covariates. History of violence and early CU (until 15) were the two main risk factors for VB. Conclusions: Our results suggest that early-onset CU may play a role in the emergence of VB in early psychosis.

scholarly journals Active Smoking Before Liver Transplantation in Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: Risk Factors and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2710
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel López-Lazcano ◽  
Antoni Gual ◽  
Jordi Colmenero ◽  
Elsa Caballería ◽  
Anna Lligoña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Tobacco use is more prevalent among alcohol liver disease (ALD) transplant patients and exerts harmful effects to the patient and to the graft. The aims of this study were to examine the impact of smoking status (nonsmoker, ex-smoker, active smoker) on patient survival and clinical outcomes, and to assess risk factors for active smoking before and after liver transplant (LT). An observational retrospective cohort study with 314 ALD patients undergoing LT from January 2004 to April 2016. Recipients were followed until April 2017 or death. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess risk of mortality according to smoking status before LT. Smokers had a 79% higher risk of dying than those who had never smoked or quit smoking before LT. Ex-smokers had a greater survival probability (96.2%, 93.8%, 86.9%, and 83.1% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years after LT) than active smokers until LT (96.0%, 85.6%, 80.0%, and 70.4%). Active smokers before LT with poor toxicity awareness had more than a twofold higher risk of mortality (Cox HR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.05–4.58, p = 0.04) than ex-smokers. Younger age (OR = 94), higher Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) (OR = 1.06), and comorbid substance use disorder (OR = 2.35) were predictors of smoking until LT. Six months or less of alcohol abstinence (OR = 3.23), and comorbid substance use disorder (OR = 4.87) were predictors of active smoking after LT. Quitting smoking before transplantation improved survival. Evidence based smoking cessation interventions should be offered before and after LT.

Gender Differences in Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Substance Use in 50- to 65-Year-Old Jamaicans

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishtar O. Govia ◽  
Svetlana V. Doubova ◽  
Novie Younger-Coleman ◽  
Uki Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Factors Associated
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