Changes in alcohol use associated with changes in HIV disease severity over time: A national longitudinal study in the Veterans Aging Cohort

While much existing research has examined either juvenile or adult weapon carrying, this study assesses whether carrying a weapon to school as a juvenile is predictive of bringing a handgun to school or work in adulthood. Data are drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results show a decline in weapon carrying behavior over time. However, youth who report school weapon carrying in adolescence are much more likely to report carrying a handgun to school or work in adulthood. Findings also demonstrate that victimization, rather than offending behavior, is predictive of adulthood handgun carrying at school and work.

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Resilience and Depression in Military Service: Evidence From the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usab364 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ugur Orak ◽

Alper Kayaalp ◽

Mark H Walker ◽

Kevin Breault

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Military Service ◽

Add Health ◽

Service Members ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Adult Health ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

Military Members ◽

The Military ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACT Introduction Research indicates that military service involves stressors that may be related to depression. However, the military provides financial, educational, psychological, and social advantages that may help to mitigate the effects of service-related stressors. Because most prior research was based on cross-sectional data or small clinical samples, we explored individual-level trajectories of depression over time. Methods Data came from the restricted-use version of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in four survey waves from 1994 to 2008, with a total of 1,112 service members, of whom 231 were female, and a total sample size of 13,544. Statistical estimation employed the multilevel growth curve modeling approach. Results Individuals who later served in the military had lower rates of depression than their civilian counterparts at year 1 of the study, and rates of depression decreased consistently for both groups throughout the study. Service members ended up with the same level of depression compared to civilians (year 14). Sex, race and parental education were unrelated to depression, and no evidence was found for the hypothesis that the military functions as a “bridging environment” to reduce depression by providing a more attractive alternative compared to civilian life. Conclusions Individuals who were less depressed at year 1 of the study were more likely to enlist into the military. While both civilians and service members displayed decreasing depression over the years of the study, military members had less decrease in depression over time beginning at a lower level of depression than civilian. Taken together, the minor differences in depression between the civilian and military samples and the lower level of depression among military members at the beginning of the study suggest that military service selects against higher levels of depression at the start of service and, given the known stressors related to the military, membership in the service may be associated with resilience to depression.

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The Diffusion of Acamprosate for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From a National Longitudinal Study

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ◽

10.1016/j.jsat.2015.10.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 62-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hannah K. Knudsen ◽

Paul M. Roman

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

National Longitudinal Study

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Classroom Contexts, Student Mindsets, and (In)Equity in Computer Science: A National Longitudinal Study

10.31219/osf.io/9k8pw ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jiyong Cho ◽

Bharathy Premachandra ◽

René F. Kizilcec ◽

Neil Anthony Lewis

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Computer Science ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Academic Career ◽

School Level ◽

Learning Theories ◽

National Longitudinal Study ◽

Underrepresentation Of Women ◽

K 12 ◽

Over Time

The underrepresentation of women and racial minorities in computer science presents a challenge for training the next generation of scientists. The decision to pursue a professional and academic career in computing can be influenced by early experiences and mindsets in K-12 learning environments. However, we have a limited understanding of how student mindsets influence engagement in a variety of classroom contexts during high school computer science classes--one of the early gateways to computer science. We conducted a national longitudinal study of students in advanced placement computer science courses to understand how student mindsets impact engagement, how their mindsets evolve over time, and how contextual factors at the teacher, classroom, and school level can influence these temporal dynamics. We find that mindsets differentially impact engagement and vary by students’ gender and status of racial underrepresentation. Some mindsets change over time due to course feedback, and these changes affect engagement and performance in different ways. Class characteristics (e.g., class size and female proportion) and school characteristics (e.g., proportion of students who are eligible for free lunch and proportion of racially underrepresented students) moderate the effect of mindsets on student outcomes. We discuss the implications of these findings for learning theories and equity-focused educational practices.

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Dynamic Change of Pain Sensitisation at Acupoints in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis and Disease Severity: A Multilevel Analysis of a Longitudinal Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-117502/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Guoyan Geng ◽

Yong Yu ◽

Mingsheng Sun ◽

Zihan Yin ◽

Jiao Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Multilevel Analysis ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Dynamic Change ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Measurement Data ◽

The Relationship ◽

Imaging Classification ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background and aim: Acupuncture alleviates pain and improves physical function in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The therapeutic effect of acupuncture may depend on acupoint selection. This longitudinal study aimed to observe dynamic change of acupoint sensitization in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients, and to investigate the relationship between acupoint PPTs and disease severity. Methods: Two-hundred-and-forty-six KOA patients were enrolled in this longitudinal study from 5 clinical centers.; data from 216 samples were analyzed. All participants underwent PPT assessment of 19 acupoints once weekly for 4 weeks. Multilevel analysis of repeated measurement data was performed. Results: The PPTs at each acupoint decreased across the four timepoints, as the 19 acupoints became more pain-sensitive over time. Single-factor multilevel analysis showed a greater decrease in acupoint PPT at clinical stage ≥III than clinical stage I (p<0.05); PPTs at Xuehai (SP-10), Heding (EX-LE2), Ququan (LR-8), Yingu (KI-10), Xiguan (LR-7) and Qiuxu (GB-40) decreased more in imaging classification II than imaging classification I (p<0.05); PPT at Yaoyangguan (DU-3) decreased more in imaging classification ≥III than imaging classification I (p<0.05). Multi-factor multilevel analysis showed that the PPTs of Heding (EX-LE2), Liangqiu (ST-34), Ququan (LR-8), Dubi (ST-35), Weiyang (BL-39), Yinglingquan (SP-9), Xiguan (LR-7), Zusanli (ST-36), Yanglingquan (GB-34), Qiuxu (GB-40), and Weizhong (BL-40) decreased more with the progression of clinical stages (p<0.05); PPTs at Xuehai (SP-10), Heding (EX-LE2), Ququan (LR-8), Yingu (KI-10), Xiguan (LR-7), and Qiuxu (GB-40) decreased more in imaging classification II than imaging classification I (p<0.05); PPT at Qiuxu (GB-40) decreased more in imaging classification ≥III than imaging classification I (p<0.05).Conclusion: The correlated acupoints became more pain-sensitive over time, and the acupoint PPTs were in accordance with disease severity. Liangqiu (ST-34), Dubi (ST-35), Weiyang (BL-39), Yinglingquan (SP-9), Xiguan (LR-7), Zusanli (ST-36), Yanglingquan (GB-34), and Qiuxu (GB-40) were most related to disease severity, they should be recommended clinically.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800014616. Registered 24 January 2018 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=24037

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