scholarly journals Trajectories of Alcohol Use and Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Stressors and Drinking Motives for Men and Women

2022 ◽  
pp. 109285
Author(s):  
Joan S. Tucker ◽  
Anthony Rodriguez ◽  
Harold D. Green ◽  
Michael S. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Men And Women

scholarly journals Motivational and Control Mechanisms Underlying Adolescent versus Adult Alcohol Use

NeuroSci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Janna Cousijn ◽  
Kayla H. Green ◽  
Maaike Labots ◽  
Louk J. M. J. Vanderschuren ◽  
J. Leon Kenemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Moderating Role

Increased motivation towards alcohol use and suboptimal behavioral control are suggested to predispose adolescents to alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Paradoxically however, most adolescent AUDs resolve over time without any formal intervention, suggesting adolescent resilience to AUDs. Importantly, studies directly comparing adolescent and adult alcohol use are largely missing. We therefore aimed to unravel the moderating role of age in the relation between alcohol use and motivational and control-related cognitive processes in 45 adolescent drinkers compared to 45 adults. We found that enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity related positively to alcohol use. Although enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity were higher in adolescents, the strength of the relation between these measures and alcohol use did not differ between age groups. None of the alcohol use-related motivational measures (i.e., craving, attentional bias, and approach bias) and behavioral control measures (i.e., interference control, risky decision making, and working-memory) were associated with alcohol use or differed between age groups. These findings support the role of impulsivity and affective sensitivity in adolescent drinking but question the moderating role of age therein. The current study contributes towards understanding the role of age in the relation between alcohol use and cognition.

scholarly journals Motivational and Control Mechanisms Underlying Adolescent versus Adult Alcohol Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Cousijn ◽  
Kayla H. Green ◽  
Maaike Labots ◽  
Louk J.M.J. Vanderschuren ◽  
J. Leon Kenemans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
And Control ◽  
Moderating Role

Increased motivation towards alcohol use and suboptimal behavioural control are suggested to predispose adolescents to Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs). Paradoxically however, most adolescent AUDs resolve over time without any formal intervention, suggesting adolescent resilience to AUDs. Importantly, studies directly comparing adolescent and adult alcohol use are largely missing. We therefore aimed to unravel the moderating role of age in the relation between alcohol use and motivational and control-related cognitive processes in 45 adolescent drinkers compared to 45 adults. The results showed that enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity related positively to alcohol use. Although enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity were higher in adolescents, the strength of the relation between these measures and alcohol use did not differ between age groups. None of the alcohol use-related motivational measures (i.e., craving, attentional bias, approach bias) and behavioral control measures (i.e., interference control, risky decision making, working-memory) were associated with alcohol use or differed between age groups. These findings support the role of impulsivity and affective sensitivity in adolescent drinking, but question the moderating role of age therein. The current study contributes towards understanding the role of age in the relation between alcohol use and cognition.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Sexual Coercion Perpetration: Investigating the Role of Alcohol-use and Cognitive Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110063
Author(s):  
Véronique Bonneville ◽  
Dominique Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Intent

Studies have shown that alcohol is involved in 50 to 75% of all sexual coercion situations. Significant associations have been established between alcohol-use and sexual coercion perpetration and cognitive factors have been proposed to play an important role in this association. However, the current knowledge on the relationship between alcohol-use, cognitive factors, and sexual coercion perpetration is mostly based on male samples. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate gender differences associated with the role of alcohol-use and cognitive factors in sexual coercion perpetration. To do so, 742 participants (562 women, 180 men) completed an online questionnaire assessing (1) alcohol-use, (2) perpetration of sexual coercion, and (3) cognitions related to sexuality or alcohol (misperception of sexual intent, alcohol-related expectancies, alcohol-related rape myth acceptance [RMA]). Results revealed that (1) for both men and women, alcohol-use as well as cognitive variables allowed to discriminate perpetrators from non-perpetrators, (2) perpetrators, whether male or female, did not differ significantly on any of the risk factors, except for alcohol-related RMA, (3) a prediction model that considered cognitive variables, as well as alcohol-use significantly contributed to the explanation of both male and female sexual coercion, and (4) the prediction model explained three times the amount of variance in sexual coercion perpetrated by men compared to women. On the one hand, these results highlight similarities in risk factors towards sexual coercion perpetration for both men and women. Perpetrators, regardless of their gender, seem to exhibit similar alcohol-use, alcohol-related expectancies, and tendencies to misinterpret sexual intent, making these risk factors potential prevention and intervention targets for both genders. On the other hand, these results emphasize the need to break away from male-based sexual coercion explanatory models and consider other variables towards a better understanding of female sexual coercion perpetration.

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