Annular and Septal Doppler Tissue Imaging in Children: Normal z-Score Tables and Effects of Age, Heart Rate, and Body Surface Area

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Roberson ◽  
Wei Cui ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Luisa F. Madronero ◽  
Bettina F. Cuneo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Doppler Tissue Imaging ◽  
Z Score

Shivering following cardiac surgery: predictive factors, consequences, and characteristics

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Spaniol ◽  
EF Bond ◽  
GL Brengelmann ◽  
M Savage ◽  
RS Pozos
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Convenience Sample

BACKGROUND: Shivering is common after cardiac surgery and may evoke harmful hemodynamic changes. Neither those changes nor factors increasing probability of shivering are well defined. OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify factors linked with risk of shivering by comparing age, weight, body surface area, gender, intraoperative details, anesthetics, postoperative temperatures, hemodynamics, and therapeutics in shivering vs nonshivering patients. (2) To describe temperatures, hemodynamics, therapeutics, myocardial oxygen consumption correlates (rate-pressure product, heart rate, systemic vascular resistance) in shivering and nonshivering groups, and shivering and nonshivering periods. (3) To characterize the electromyogram to determine whether the tremor is cold-induced. METHODS: A descriptive design with a time series component was used to study a convenience sample of 10 shivering and 10 nonshivering adults for 4 hours during early recovery from cardiac surgery. Pulmonary artery and skin (facial, calf, trunk) temperature were measured every 60 seconds; heart rate and arterial pressure, every 15 minutes; cardiac output, 3 times. Electromyogram was recorded intermittently. Medications and treatments were noted. RESULTS: Lower skin temperature was significantly related to shivering risk. Heart rate was significantly higher initially in shiverers and remained higher by 13.6 beats per minute. Significantly more nitroprusside was used to control arterial pressure before than after shivering. No significant differences were noted between groups in core temperature, age, weight, body surface area, anesthesia type, intraoperative temperature; or surgery, circulatory bypass, or cardiac cross-clamp duration. The electromyogram pattern during shivering was typical of that produced by cold. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that true shivering occurs after cardiac surgery. Skin, but not core, temperature and elevated heart rate predict shivering. Shivering may be more likely in hemodynamically unstable patients.

scholarly journals Contrast Volume for Preoperative CT Angiography of the Aorta Based on Patient Heart Rate and Body Surface Area: A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Raymakers ◽  
Adriana Dubbeldam ◽  
Walter Coudyzer ◽  
Hilde Bosmans ◽  
Geert Maleux
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Contrast Volume ◽  
Preoperative Ct

Abstract O.62: Estimation Of The Severity Of Coronary Artery Aneurysm By Z-score Of The Internal Diameter In Kawasaki Disease.

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Fukushima ◽  
Masaru Miura ◽  
Toru Kobayashi ◽  
Shigeto Fuse ◽  
Tsutomu Saji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Coronary Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Coronary Events

Background: The standard values of normal coronary artery internal diameters in Japanese children have been recently established, making it possible to calculate Z-scores based on body surface area. The aim of this study was to clarify the appropriate cut-off points of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) Z-scores to predict coronary events such as stenosis, obstruction, and thrombosis in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, we investigated height, weight, CAA diameters measured by echocardiography in acute phase KD, and coronary events in CAA patients with KD (age 18 years or younger) who had coronary angiography from 1992 to 2011. Results: Interim analysis was performed on data of the 928 patients recruited from 45 institutions. Body surface area (calculated from height and weight) and CAA diameters were available in 702, 680, and 539 cases of right coronary artery (RCA), left main trunk (LMT), left anterior descending artery (LAD), respectively. Coronary events occurred in 62 RCA cases (8.8%), 8 LMT cases (1.2%), and 45 LAD cases (8.3%) . Areas under the ROC curves to predict coronary events were similar for actual diameter, Z-score, and the ratio of actual diameter to that showing a Z-score of zero in each segment. The cut-off points for the actual diameter, Z-score, and ratio which yielding the highest sensitivity plus specificity were 6.3 mm, 9.6, and 3.9 times for RCA; 7.4 mm, 11.1, and 2.8 times for LMT; and 5.3 mm, 8.9, and 3.5 times for LAD. Conclusions: We identified cut-off Z-scores for CAA diameters useful for coronary events prediction. Attention should be paid to coronary events when the Z-score for CAA diameter is over 10.

scholarly journals Coronary artery diameter measurement and Z-score regression equation calculation: a comparative study between Indian children between one to five years residing in and around Kolkata with children of South-East Asia and Western population

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Satyaki Das ◽  
Swapan Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukanta Bhattacharya ◽  
Kripasindhu Chatterjee ◽  
Pradyut Kumar Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Normally Distributed

Background: Congenital coronary anomalies may be isolated, or they may accompany other congenital heart defects, such as Fallot's tetralogy, transposition of the great arteries or pulmonary atresia. The most common cause of acquired abnormalities of the coronary vessels in children is kawasaki disease (KD). The aim of this study was to find the best model to obtain valid and normally distributed Z-scores for coronary artery (CA) diameters in a large, heterogeneous population of healthy children.Methods: Echocardiography was performed on 300 healthy children. Linear regression models were tested with height, weight, body surface area, and aortic valve diameter. The computed Z scores were tested for normal distribution and stability. Results: CA diameter was best predicted using regression with the body surface area and age in month. The weighted least squares method yielded normally distributed and very stable Z-score estimates for 3 principal CAs.Conclusions: This study showed valid methods to estimate Z scores for CA size in children of all ages. Such Z scores are important for risk stratification in patients with Kawasaki disease.

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