Effect of imidacloprid exposure on life history traits in the agricultural generalist predator Paederus beetle: Lack of fitness cost but strong hormetic effect and skewed sex ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 390-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bin Feng ◽  
Lee-Jin Bong ◽  
Shu-Mei Dai ◽  
Kok-Boon Neoh
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Fitness Cost ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Hormetic Effect

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variation in the adult sex ratio, male aggregation, and movement of two tropical cloud forest dung beetles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julliana Barretto ◽  
Martha L Baena ◽  
Israel Huesca Domínguez ◽  
Federico Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
The Face ◽  
Male Aggregation

Abstract While theory suggests that at conception the sex ratio should be balanced (1:1), this can be variable across space and time in wild populations. Currently, studies of the environmental factors that regulate adult sex ratio (ASR) in species with different life-history traits are scarce. Using capture-recapture over a year, we analyzed the influence of habitat type (forest and non-forest) and season (rainy and dry) on variation in ASR, male aggregation and the trajectory movement of two dung beetle species with different life-history traits: Deltochilum mexicanum (a hornless roller species) and Dichotomius satanas (a tunneler species with horns on its head and thorax). We found opposite tendencies. The D. mexicanum population tends to be female-biased, but the population of D. satanas tends to be predominantly male, and observed values were not related to habitat type or season. However, the 95% confidence intervals estimated were highly variable between seasons depending on habitat. On examining the monthly variation in ASR for both habitats, we found that it depends on the species. In addition, male aggregation differed between species depending on habitat type and season, and species movement patterns were closely related to their habitat preferences. Based on our results, we argue that comparative population studies of species with different life-history traits are necessary to understand the variation in demographic parameters as well as its ecological and evolutionary implications in the face of spatial and climatic environmental variation.

scholarly journals Life history traits of five ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) species common in Honshu Island, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl.) ◽  
pp. 185-198
Author(s):  
Sonomi Shibuya ◽  
Keizi Kiritani ◽  
Kenji Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Generalist Predator ◽  
Flight Muscles ◽  
Honshu Island

Ground beetles have been used as bioindicators for monitoring environmental changes. However, to interpret monitoring results, we need further information on their life history traits. We selected Harpalus griseus, H. eous, H. tridens, Synuchus cycloderus and Carabus procerulus, species common in Honshu Island, Japan. We examined their hind wings, flight muscles, gut contents and ovarian eggs to understand their flight activity, feeding traits and reproductive strategies. The three Harpalus species showed wing length / body length ratios (W/B) of 0.88 - 0.99. In H. tridens, the proportion of individuals with flight muscles and caught in aerial traps was lower than in the other two. S. cycloderus was macropterous with a W/B ratio of 0.75, but no individuals were caught in aerial traps, and none possessed flight muscles. C. procerulus was brachypterous. The three Harpalus species fed mainly on seeds and partly on arthropods. S. cycloderus was a generalist predator. Gut contents of C. procerulus consisted of amorphous fluid, suggesting extra-oral digestion. Egg type was categorized by the number and size of ovarian eggs. S. cycloderus had many-small eggs, while the other four had few but large eggs.

Reproductive biology of Orchestia gammarellus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) living in a sewage treatment works

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Jones ◽  
G. D. Wigham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Ovigerous Female ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Egg Volume

A population of the supralittoral Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Amphipoda: Talitridae), living in a percolating filter of a sewage treatment works has been studied over 12 months. The population showed a seasonal pattern of occurrence, few animals being collected during the winter. The sex ratio was biased significantly to females except during the breeding season when it did not deviate significantly from 1:1. Ovigerous females, never collected in high numbers (1–14 per month), were found from April to August, with peak occurrence in May/June. Juveniles were present throughout the year, but peak recruitment occurred in summer, following the period of reproduction by females. The smallest ovigerous female had a body length of 12.6 mm and the largest measured 20.0 mm. Egg numbers (5–31 per brood) increased with increasing female size and egg volume more than doubled during embryonic development. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible methods of colonization of this unique habitat and the influence of sewage on crustacean life-history traits.

Extremely low fecundity and highly female-biased sex ratio in nest-living spider mite Schizotetranychus brevisetosus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Tamura ◽  
Katsura Ito
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Blue Oak ◽  
Life Type

Spider mites show various life types characterized by spinning behavior, web structure, and sociality. Individuals of the woven-nest (WN) species construct silken nests on the undersurface of host leaves, inside which they develop and reproduce. This nesting behavior may be related with the defense mechanism and life history traits of mites in the stable habitat (e.g., evergreen trees). If the WN life type affects the life-history traits, these traits may be similar within WN species. The WN species are known to be fragmentarily distributed in diverse genera, Stigmaeopsis, Schizotetranychus, Eotetranychus, and Oligonychus, and their life types are suspected to have secondarily converged. However, their life histories have not been elucidated except for several species in specific genera. To supply the information in Schizotetranychus, we investigated the demographic traits and the sex ratio of Schizotetranychus brevisetosus, which shows the WN life type and lives on the evergreen Japanese blue oak Quercus glauca. We estimated the development time of females as 22.6 ± 3.1 days (mean ± SD, n = 22) and the fecundity of fertilized females as 13.7 ± 5.9 (n = 37) at 25°C. The sex ratio of males to the total number of adults at emergence was low (0.072). The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was estimated as 0.060 day-1, one of the lowest ever reported for spider mites at the same temperature. The present results were similar to other WN species in that fecundity and male ratio were low. 

scholarly journals Life history traits of Characidium pterostictum (Characiformes, Crenuchidae) along the longitudinal gradient of a Neotropical river in southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel C. Fitz ◽  
◽  
Cesar A. Rodenbusch ◽  
Renato B. Dala-Corte ◽  
Marco A. Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Standard Length ◽  
Reproductive Strategy ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Longitudinal Gradient ◽  
Female Total ◽  
Size Standard

ABSTRACT Life history traits of Characidium pterostictum Gomes, 1947 (Characiformes, Crenuchidae) from three different reaches of the upper Sinos river, southern Brazil, were described and comparatively analyzed according to the longitudinal gradient. For all reaches, results indicated a seasonal reproductive strategy with a higher intensity during warmer months of higher photoperiod (November to February). Only females were found in the upstream reach and they were more numerous than males in all the sampled reaches. Mean absolute fecundity ranged from 5189 (±2131 SD) to 7394 (±3807 SD), whereas mean relative fecundity (oocytes per mg of female total weight) ranged from 1.08 (±0.40 SD) to 1.12 (±0.29 SD). Oocyte development was characterized as synchronic in two groups, typical of total spawning. Longitudinal gradient comparison suggests that body size (standard length) of C. pterostictum individuals and sex ratio were the only characteristics that differed between sampled reaches. Larger individuals and thus females tended to be more frequently found in upstream reaches of the Sinos river, with a decrease in body size and in the proportional number of females towards downstream.

scholarly journals Antagonist effects of the leek Allium porrum as a companion plant on aphid host plant colonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Baudry ◽  
Géraldine Doury ◽  
Aude Couty ◽  
Yvelise Fourdrain ◽  
Robin van Havermaet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Hormetic Effect ◽  
Companion Plant

AbstractCombining a non-host plant (companion plant or CP) with a target cultivated plant is considered as a promising strategy to reduce pest pressure. Among the companion plants (CP) commonly used in integrated systems, those belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family (chives, garlic, onion, leek) exhibit characteristics related to certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with promising repellent potentialities. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential disruption of sweet pepper (host plant) colonization by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) when exposed to leek (Allium porrum) as a CP. Retention/dispersion, EPG and clip-cage/Petri dish laboratory experiments were thus performed to study the effect of leek VOCs on aphid settlement/migration, feeding behavior and life history traits parameters, respectively. This work revealed that leek as a CP had a negative effect on aphid feeding behavior, by disturbing the balance between phloem and xylem sap ingestion, but had no influence concerning aphid settlement. Surprisingly, leek as a CP triggered some unexpected probiotic effects on certain life history traits such as aphid survival, biomass, and fecundity, suggesting a possible hormetic effect of leek VOCs on aphid physiology. The possibility of experience-induced preference of aphids for leek VOCs was also discussed.

scholarly journals Notes on the biology of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) opacum Brèthes (Hymenoptera; Crabronidae) in Southern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 907-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. T. Buschini ◽  
L. L. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Linear Series ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Trap Nests ◽  
The Family ◽  
Final Closure

The present study investigated the abundance, seasonality and various life-history traits of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) opacum. Using trap-nests, 320 nests of T. opacum were collected in the Parque Municipal das Araucárias in Southern Brazil (25° 23' 36" S and 51° 27' 19" W) over a 3 year period. Nesting was more frequent during the warm season. Nests consisted of a linear series of 1 to 8 brood cells separated by mud partitions, usually followed by an empty vestibular cell and final-closure mud plug. Brood cells were most commonly provisioned with spiders of the family Araneidae. Sex-ratio was strongly female biased, 3.4:1 females:males. Natural enemies attacking nests T. opacum included chrysidids, ichneumonids, sarcophagids, bombyliids and ants.

Signaling, Agonistic Behavior, and Life-History Traits of Steppe Agama (Trapelus sanguinolentus) in Prague Zoo

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 334-340
Author(s):  
Karel Novák ◽  
Petr Velenský ◽  
Oldrich Kopecký
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Agonistic Behavior ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Agonistic Interactions ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
Signal Type

Life history traits are influenced by many factors, such as social structure, social displays and aggressive interactions. We investigated signalling and agonistic behavior in relation to body condition and lifespan in Trapelus sanguinolentus, a small, semi-arboreal, oviparous agamid lizard from the Central Asia. We individually examined basic morphological characteristics, number of performed signal displays and relative success in agonistic interactions (via Clutton-Brock index). Life expectancy of males did not differ from life expectancy of females. Overall variability of signals was low and simple push-up display was prevalent signal type for both sexes. Frequency of performed signals differed between sexes with males signalling more. For both sexes number of signals was not associated with life expectancy. Interaction of life expectancy and sex was also not significant. In females — body condition influenced number of performed signals when individuals in better body condition signalled more. Most of agonistic interactions was solved by means of signal displays and did not lead to a direct physical combat. While in males association between CBI and number of signals was not significant, in females higher value of CBI means more performed signals. Conditions of our study (sex ratio 4:1 in favor of females, 20 individuals on 16.5 m2 of terrarium) means that agonistic signals have greater importance for females. The agonistic interactions in females led to direct physical combat more frequently could reflect more competitive intra-sexual environment. Females in better body condition probably used higher signalling activity and better performance in direct combat for access to mates and to places for sunbathing and oviposition.

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